The Iron Status of Canadian Adolescents and Adults: Current Knowledge and Practical Implications

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
12 February 2007

Abstract

Overview: Iron is an essential nutrient, playing a central role in oxygen transport and cellular energy metabolism. The importance of ensuring adequate bioavailable dietary iron stems from the severe consequences associated with iron deficiency (ID) and anemia, including reduced immune function and resistance to infection, developmental delays and irreversible cognitive deficits in young children, impaired physical work performance, and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Specific populations: Poor dietary iron intake and ID exist in Canada, particularly in women of reproductive age. Data from the provincial nutrition surveys suggest that the prevalence of inadequate iron intakes (and low intakes of absorbable iron) among women under 50 years of age is over 10%, which may reflect poor iron status. Teenage girls are at risk for low iron stores because of the adolescent growth spurt and the onset of menstruation; those who are vegetarian are at even greater risk.
Conclusions: The Canadian diet has changed so that grain products are now the main source of dietary iron for all age groups. The public must be educated to ensure the consumption of adequate quantities of bioavailable iron and enhancing factors such as vitamin C. Industry, government, and health professionals must work together to promote healthy eating patterns and the selection of appropriate foods.

Résumé

Aperçu: Le fer est un nutriment essentiel qui joue un rôle primordial dans le transport de l’oxygène et le métabolisme énergétique de la cellule. Assurer un apport suffisant en fer alimentaire biodisponible est important, car des conséquences graves sont associées à la carence en fer (CF) et à l’anémie: diminution de la fonction immunitaire et de la résistance à l’infection, retards de développement et déficits intellectuels irréversibles chez le jeune enfant, altération de la capacité d’effort physique et effets néfastes sur l’issue de la grossesse.
Populations visées: Au Canada, on constate des apports faibles en fer alimentaire et des CF, en particulier chez les femmes en âge de procréer. Les données des enquêtes nutritionnelles provinciales révèlent que la prévalence des apports insuffisants en fer (et de faibles apports en fer absorbable) chez les femmes de moins de 50 ans se chiffre à plus de 10%, ce qui peut refléter un état en fer inadéquat. Les adolescentes sont à risque de faibles réserves en fer en raison de la poussée de croissance et du début des menstruations; chez les végétariennes, le risque est encore plus élevé.
Conclusions: Dans l’alimentation des Canadiens, les produits céréaliers sont désormais la principale source alimentaire de fer dans tous les groupes d’âge. On doit informer la population de consommer suffisamment de fer biodisponible et de facteurs favorisants, telle la vitamine C. Industrie, gouvernement et professionnels de la santé doivent s’unir pour promouvoir des modèles d’alimentation saine et un choix d’aliments appropriés.

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Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 67Number 3September 2006
Pages: 130 - 138

History

Version of record online: 12 February 2007

Authors

Affiliations

Marcia J. Cooper, PhD, RD
Food Directorate, HPFB, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON
Kevin A. Cockell, PhD
Food Directorate, HPFB, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON
Mary R. L’abbé, PhD
Food Directorate, HPFB, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON

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