Effect of a Group Behavioural Management Program on Emotional Regulation of Food Choices: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
23 March 2017

Abstract

Purpose: In Ontario, group programs to increase mindfulness of food choices are provided in Family Health Teams (FHTs), but evaluation is limited. We targeted patients with chronic conditions that could benefit from intensified management and evaluated an existing program.
Methods: We included 3 FHTs. Patients were randomized to immediate participation in the intervention (n = 16) or to wait-list control (n = 14). Eligible participants were between 40 and 70 years old, living with diabetes and/or hypertension and had at least 2 of: elevated cholesterol (LDL >4 if hypertension or LDL >2 mmol/L if diabetes), blood sugar (A1c >7.5%), or blood pressure (systolic BP >140). The intervention was a 6-week group program of 2-hour weekly sessions addressing mindfulness of food choices facilitated by a trained dietitian and social worker. We used the Emotional Eating Questionnaire (EEQ) a validated 10-item questionnaire measuring the degree of interaction between food intake and emotion. The primary outcome was change in the EEQ over 6 weeks.
Results: There was no difference in the change in EEQ in either unadjusted (P = 0.4) or adjusted (P = 0.3) analysis.
Conclusions: We found no effect for this intervention, although the small sample size limits interpretation. The results were contrary to what was expected.

Résumé

Objectif : En Ontario, des programmes en groupe visant à favoriser la pleine conscience lors des choix alimentaires sont offerts par des équipes de santé familiale, mais leur évaluation est restreinte. Nous avons donc ciblé des patients présentant une maladie chronique et susceptibles de bénéficier d’une prise en charge accrue, et évalué un programme existant.
Méthodes : Trois équipes de santé familiale ont été incluses. Les patients ont été répartis aléatoirement en deux groupes : participation immédiate à l’intervention (n = 16) ou groupe témoin inscrit sur une liste d’attente (n = 14). Les participants admissibles avaient de 40 à 70 ans, étaient atteints de diabète et/ou d’hypertension artérielle, et présentaient au moins 2 des caractéristiques suivantes : un taux de cholestérol élevé (LDL > 4 en cas d’hypertension artérielle, ou LDL > 2 mmol/l en cas de diabète), une glycémie caractérisée par un taux d’A1C > 7,5 %, ou une tension artérielle systolique > 140. L’intervention était un programme en groupe de 6 semaines comprenant des séances hebdomadaires de 2 heures animées par une diététiste et un travailleur social formés au cours desquelles la pleine conscience lors des choix alimentaires était abordée. L’Emotional Eating Questionnaire (EEQ), questionnaire validé de 10 questions permettant de mesurer le degré d’interaction entre l’apport alimentaire et l’état émotionnel, a été utilisé. L’objectif principal était le changement des réponses à l’EEQ au cours des 6 semaines.
Résultats : Aucune différence sur le plan du changement des réponses à l’EEQ n’a été observée tant avec une analyse non ajustée (p = 0,4) qu’avec une analyse ajustée (p = 0,3).
Conclusions : Selon les résultats, l’intervention n’a entraîné aucun effet; la petite taille de l’échantillon en limite toutefois l’interprétation. En définitive, les résultats étaient contraires à ceux attendus.

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Financial support: This study was funded by the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Practice Based Research Network (UTOPIAN). Dr. Greiver holds an investigator award from the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto.
Conflicts of interest: The authors report no conflict of interest relevant to this study.

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Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 78Number 3September 2017
Pages: 137 - 140

History

Version of record online: 23 March 2017

Authors

Affiliations

Danuta Southgate MSW
Mount Sinai Academic Family Health Team, Vaughn, ON
Michelle Greiver MD, MSc, CCFP
North York Family Health Team, Toronto, ON
Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
North York General Hospital, Toronto, ON
Greg Hubka MSW, RSW
West Durham Family Health Team, Pickering, ON
Kori Kostka RD
West Durham Family Health Team, Pickering, ON
Rahim Moineddin PhD
Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
Marjan Moienedin BHS, MSc
North York Family Health Team, Toronto, ON
James Pencharz MD, CCFP
Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
Credit Valley Family Health Team, Mississauga, ON
Heather Bogetta RD
North York Family Health Team, Toronto, ON
Claudia Mazariegos RD
Credit Valley Family Health Team, Mississauga, ON
Jo-Anne Guindon MSW, RSW
Credit Valley Family Health Team, Mississauga, ON
Andrea Petroff BA (Hon), MIR
West Durham Family Health Team, Pickering, ON

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