Relative Reinforcing Value of Energy-dense Snack Foods: In Overweight and Obese Adults

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
18 November 2011

Abstract

Purpose: Obese people find energy-dense food more reinforcing than do their non-obese peers, and reinforcement influences food intake. We examined how the degree of adiposity, measured by body mass index (BMI), is associated with the relative reinforcing value of energy-dense snack foods versus fruits and vegetables in overweight and obese people.
Methods: Ninety-two overweight or obese students in introductory psychology courses completed questionnaires on age, sex, BMI, hunger, smoking status, dietary restraint, and hedonic (liking) ratings for energy-dense snack foods and fruits and vegetables. The questionnaire also was used to evaluate the relative reinforcing value of these snack foods in comparison with fruits and vegetables.
Results: The BMI predicted the relative reinforcing value of energy-dense snack food. This positive relationship remained significant after we controlled for age, sex, dietary restraint, hunger, smoking status, and snack food hedonics.
Conclusions: The greater the degree of overweight and obesity, the greater the motivation to obtain energy-dense snack foods. Because the rewarding value of food is a strong determinant of energy intake, a useful approach to preventing and treating obesity may be introducing pharmacological or behavioural nutrition intervention to reduce the rewarding value of energydense snack foods, or increasing the rewarding value of fruits and vegetables.

Résumé

Objectif: Comparativement à leurs pairs non obèses, les personnes obèses trouvent les aliments riches en énergie plus gratifiants, et la gratification influence l’apport alimentaire. Nous avons examiné dans quelle mesure le niveau d’adiposité, évalué à l’aide de l’indice de masse corporelle (IMC), est associé à une valeur de gratification des grignotises riches en énergie par rapport à la gratification liée aux fruits et aux légumes chez les personnes en surplus de poids ou obèses.
Méthodes: Quatre-vingt-douze étudiants en surplus de poids ou obèses suivant des cours d’introduction en psychologie ont rempli un questionnaire comportant des questions sur l’âge, le sexe, l’IMC, la faim, le tabagisme, les restrictions alimentaires et la classification hédonique (appréciation) des grignotises riches en énergie et des fruits et légumes. Le questionnaire a également été utilisé pour évaluer la valeur de gratification relative de ces grignotises en comparaison avec celle associée aux fruits et légumes.
Résultats: L’IMC était un élément prédictif de la valeur de gratification relative associée aux grignotises riches en énergie. Cette relation positive demeurait significative même après avoir pris en compte l’âge, le sexe, les restrictions alimentaires, la faim, le tabagisme et l’appréciation des grignotises.
Conclusions: Plus les gens sont en excès de poids ou obèses, plus ils sont motivés à consommer des grignotises riches en énergie. Puisque la valeur de gratification propre aux aliments est un important déterminant de l’apport énergétique, une approche utile pour prévenir et traiter l’obésité pourrait consister à pratiquer une intervention nutritionnelle pharmacologique ou comportementale en vue de réduire la valeur de gratification associée aux grignotises riches en énergie, ou à augmenter la valeur de gratification associée aux légumes et fruits.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 72Number 4December 2011
Pages: 170 - 174

History

Version of record online: 18 November 2011

Authors

Affiliations

Gary S. Goldfield, PhD
Healthy Active Living & Obesity Research, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute School of Human Kinetics, Department of Paediatrics, and School of Psychology, University of Ottawa Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON
Andrew B. Lumb, MA
School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
Cynthia K. Colapinto, MSc, RD
Healthy Active Living & Obesity Research, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute Population Health, Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON

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