Comparison of diet quality tools to assess nutritional adequacy for adults living with kidney disease

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
3 May 2022

Abstract

There is no specific diet quality tool recommended for adults living with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Identifying how diet quality tools assess nutritional adequacy and correlate with potassium and phosphorus (nutrients of interest in CKD) is warranted. Our aim was to compare Mediterranean Diet Scores (MDS), Healthy Eating Index (HEI), and Healthy Food Diversity (HFD) to determine their correlation with nutrient intake in adults living with diabetes and CKD. Using data from a longitudinal study of 50 participants with diabetes and CKD, diet quality was assessed at baseline and 1 or more times at annual visits up to 5 years (complete diet records n = 178). Diet quality was investigated for correlation with nutrient intake. Compared with HEI and HFD, MDS was poorly correlated with nutrient intake (all r values <0.40). HFD and HEI were moderately correlated with potassium (r = 0.66, P < 0.01 and r = 0.57, P < 0.01, respectively). HEI was weakly correlated with phosphorus (r = 0.365, P < 0.01). MDS recommends moderation of dairy and meat, this may have specific benefits for CKD as these are both sources of phosphorus, as such high MDS were associated with lower phosphorus intake. This study suggests that development of a renal specific diet quality assessment tool may be useful; however, further studies are needed.

Résumé

Il n’existe pas d’outils d’évaluation de la qualité de l’alimentation recommandés pour les adultes vivant avec une maladie du rein chronique (MRC). Or, il serait justifié de déterminer comment les outils d’évaluation de la qualité de l’alimentation évaluent l’adéquation nutritionnelle et établissent une corrélation avec le potassium et le phosphore (nutriments importants dans les cas des MRC). Notre objectif était de comparer l’indice du régime méditerranéen (IRM), l’indice de saine alimentation (ISA) et la diversité d’aliments santé (DAS) afin de déterminer leur corrélation avec l’apport en nutriments chez des adultes vivant avec le diabète et une MRC. À partir des données d’une étude longitudinale regroupant 50 participants atteints de diabète et d’une MRC, la qualité de l’alimentation a été évaluée au départ et à au moins une autre occasion lors de visites annuelles, au maximum 5 ans plus tard (journaux alimentaires complets, n = 178). La corrélation entre la qualité de l’alimentation et l’apport en nutriments a été étudiée. Comparativement à l’ISA et à la DAS, l’IRM était faiblement corrélé avec l’apport en nutriments (toutes les valeurs r < 0,40). La DAS et l’ISA étaient modérément corrélés avec le potassium (r = 0,66, P < 0,01 et r = 0,57, P < 0,01, respectivement). L’ISA était faiblement corrélé avec le phosphore (r = 0,365, P < 0,01). L’IRM recommande de consommer des produits laitiers et de la viande avec modération. Cela pourrait entraîner des bienfaits spécifiques pour les personnes atteintes d’une MRC, car il s’agit de deux sources de phosphore. Ainsi, un IRM élevé a été associé à un apport inférieur en phosphore. Cette étude suggère que la mise au point d’un outil d’évaluation de la qualité de l’alimentation spécifique aux maladies rénales pourrait être utile; cependant, il faudra mener plus d’études.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 83Number 4December 2022
Pages: 180 - 185
Editor: Naomi Cahill

History

Received: 26 September 2021
Accepted: 11 February 2022
Version of record online: 3 May 2022

Key Words

  1. Chronic kidney disease
  2. Mediterranean Diet Scores
  3. Healthy Eating Index
  4. Healthy Food Diversity
  5. 3-day food records

Mots-clés

  1. maladie du rein chronique
  2. indices du régime méditerranéen
  3. indice de saine alimentation
  4. diversité des aliments santé
  5. journal alimentaire sur 3 jours

Authors

Affiliations

Kelly Picard RD BSc
Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Sciences, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
Peter A. Senior MBBS PhD FRCP(E) FRCP
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Alberta, 9-114F Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB
Ashley Wilmott BSc
Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Sciences, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
Kailash Jindal MD FRCPC
Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alberta, 11-107 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB
Caroline Richard RD PhD
Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Sciences, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
Diana R. Mager RD PhD
Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Sciences, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB

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