Physical Activity, Aerobic Fitness, Self-Perception, and Dietary Intake in At Risk of Overweight and Normal Weight Children

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
September 2005

Abstract

Differences in physical activity, aerobic fitness, self-perception, and dietary intake were examined in a sample of six- to ten-year-olds at risk of overweight, and in normal weight boys and girls. Participants (n=20 at risk of overweight [BMI ≥85th percentile]; n=115 normal weight [BMI <85th percentile]; n=68 boys; n=67 girls) had anthropometric, physical activity, aerobic fitness, self-perception, and dietary intake measurements at zero, three, six, and 12 months. Over the 12-month period, normal weight children were more physically active (F=4.1, p<0.05) and aerobically fit (F=14.3, p<0.001), and possessed higher self-perceptions of social acceptance (F=7.3, p<0.01) than their at risk of overweight peers. Fitness differences between the sexes were not apparent at baseline, but emerged over the long term (F=7.9, p<0.01). Overall, boys consumed more total energy, fat, carbohydrate, and protein than did girls, while the entire sample consumed diets low in vegetables and fruits and meat and alternatives, and high in “other” foods. These observations highlight key disparities in lifestyle-related behaviours and perceptions between groups of children according to overweight status and sex. The findings underscore the importance of longitudinal studies in youth because cross-sectional studies may reflect transient differences.

Résumé

Les différences relatives à l'activité physique, à la condition aérobie, à la perception de soi et à l'apport alimentaire ont été examinées chez un échantillon d'enfants de 6 à 10 ans à risque de souffrir d'embonpoint et chez des garçons et filles de poids normal. Les participants (n=20 à risque d'embonpoint [IMC≥85e percentile]; n=115 de poids normal [IMC<85e percentile]; n=68 garçons; n=67 filles) ont été soumis à des mesures anthropométriques et à des mesures de l'activité physique, de la condition aérobie, de la perception de soi et de l'apport alimentaire avant la période expérimentale, puis à 3, 6 et 12 mois du début de la période expérimentale. Au cours de la période de 12 mois, les enfants de poids normal étaient plus actifs physiquement (F=4,1, p<0,05), plus en forme sur le plan aérobie (F=7,3, p<0,001) et avaient une perception plus positive de leur acceptation sociale (F=7,3, p<0,01) que leurs pairs à risque d'embonpoint. Les différences dans la forme physique entre les sexes n’étaient pas apparentes au départ, mais se sont révélées à long terme (F=7,9, p<0,01). Dans l'ensemble, les apports en énergie totale, matières grasses, glucides et protéines étaient plus élevés chez les garçons que chez les filles, tandis que tous les sujets de l’échantillon ont consommé une alimentation faible en légumes, fruits, viande et substituts, et riche en d'autres aliments. Ces observations mettent en relief les différences clés dans les comportements et perceptions liés au mode de vie entre les groupes d'enfants selon leur état pondéral et leur sexe. Les résultats font ressortir l'importance d’études longitudinales chez les jeunes, car les études transversales peuvent refléter des différences transitoires.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 66Number 3September 2005
Pages: 162 - 169

History

Version of record online: 12 February 2007

Authors

Affiliations

Geoff D.C. Ball, PhD, RD
Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
J. Dru Marshall, PhD
Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
Linda J. McCargar, PhD, RD
Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry, and Home Economics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB

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