Dietary Intake and Micronutrient Supplementation in Youth with Celiac Disease with and without Type 1 Diabetes

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
12 June 2018

Abstract

The study purpose was to describe dietary intake and the factors influencing micronutrient supplements (MS) use in Celiac Disease (CD) ± Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). Three-day food records collected from parents of youth (3–18 years) with CD (n = 14) ± T1D (n = 10) were assessed for macro and micronutrient intake, diet quality (DQ), glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and food group intake. Focus group methodology and thematic concept analysis were conducted to determine factors influencing adolescent MS use. Mean ± SD age was 11 ± 4.4 (CD) and 13 ± 3.7 (CD + T1D) (P = 0.32). Body mass index was within healthy reference ranges (17.9 ± 2.5 [CD]; 19.3 ± 3.8 [CD + T1D] kg/m2; P = 0.61). The majority of youth with CD ± T1D (>90%) had high intakes of sugar and saturated fat, had high GI and GL, and met food serving recommendations and DQs that were indicative of “needs improvement.” With the exception of vitamin D, vitamin E, folate, calcium, and potassium, youth in both groups met the estimated average requirements (EAR) for most micronutrients. MS use corrected suboptimal vitamin D intake; however, vitamin E, folate, calcium, and potassium intake remained below the EAR. Variables influencing adolescent MS use included daily routine, health professional influence, disease management (CD + T1D), and lack of knowledge about the need for MS. Strategies to elicit adolescent MS use varied between parent and adolescents.

Résumé

L’objectif de l’étude était de décrire l’apport alimentaire et les facteurs qui influencent l’utilisation de suppléments d’oligo-éléments (SO) chez des personnes atteintes de la maladie cœliaque (MC) et, dans certains cas, du diabète de type 1 (DT1). Les journaux alimentaires de trois jours recueillis auprès de parents de jeunes (de 3 à 18 ans) atteints de la MC (n = 14) et, dans certains cas, du DT1 (n = 10) ont été analysés pour évaluer l’apport en macronutriments et en oligo-éléments, la qualité de l’alimentation (QA), l’indice glycémique (IG), la charge glycémique (CG) et la consommation d’aliments des groupes alimentaires. Des groupes de discussion ont été utilisés, et une analyse du concept par thème a été menée pour déterminer les facteurs qui influencent l’utilisation de SO chez les adolescents. L’âge moyen ± l’écart-type était de 11 ans ± 4,4 (MC) et de 13 ans ± 3,7 (MC + DT1) (p = 0,32). L’indice de masse corporelle se situait dans la fourchette de référence saine (17,9 ± 2,5 [MC]; 19,3 ± 3,8 [MC + DT1] kg/m2; p = 0,61). La majorité des jeunes atteints de la MC et, dans certains cas, du DT1 (> 90 %) avaient des apports élevés en sucre et en gras saturés, avaient une alimentation à IG et à CG élevés, respectaient les recommandations quant aux portions alimentaires et leur QA indiquait « un besoin d’amélioration ». À l’exception des vitamines D et E, de l’acide folique, du calcium et du potassium, les jeunes des deux groupes respectaient les besoins moyens estimatifs (BME) pour la plupart des oligo-éléments. L’utilisation de SO corrigeait l’apport sous-optimal en vitamine D; cependant, les apports en vitamine E, acide folique, calcium et potassium demeuraient sous les BME. Les variables influençant l’utilisation de SO chez les adolescents incluaient la routine quotidienne, l’influence d’un professionnel de la santé, la prise en charge de la maladie (MC + DT1) et le manque de connaissances concernant la nécessité de prendre des SO. Les stratégies visant à inciter les adolescents à prendre des SO variaient chez les parents et les adolescents.

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Financial support: Food & Health Innovation Fund at the University of Alberta
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 79Number 3September 2018
Pages: 118 - 124

History

Version of record online: 12 June 2018

Authors

Affiliations

Amanda Liu BASc
Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutrition Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
Margaret Marcon FRCPC, MD
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
Esther Assor RD
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
Department of Clinical Dietetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
Farid H. Mahmud FRCPC, MD
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
Justine Turner PhD, FRACP, MD
Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
Division of Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Stollery Children’s Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
Diana Mager PhD, RD
Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutrition Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB

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