Provincial Differences in Long-Term Care Menu Variety and Food Intake for Residents who Consume a Regular Texture

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
8 May 2019

Abstract

Purpose: To determine regular-texture menu variety offered in Canadian long-term care (LTC) homes and its association with residents’ food intake.
Methods: Twenty-nine LTC menus from Alberta, Manitoba, New Brunswick, and Ontario were analyzed. Items offered during the regular-texture menu cycle were categorized according to Eating Well with Canada’s Food Guide food groups and variety scores were calculated per day and per week. Residents’ food intake was assessed by weighing and observing intake over 3 nonconsecutive days. Diet quality was determined using a mean adequacy ratio score (MAR) for regular and soft and bite-sized consumers (n = 394).
Results: Average daily and weekly menu variety scores were 24 ± 5.8 and 78 ± 17.2, respectively, with significantly higher scores in Ontario (29 ± 2.7 and 102 ± 11.7). Of all the food groups, only the variety score for the “Other” food category was positively associated with protein intake. No associations were observed between variety and energy intake or MAR score.
Conclusion: This study is the first in Canada to assess LTC menu variety. Although there was variability between provinces in menu variety, this was not associated with resident diet quality or intake.

Résumé

Objectif. Déterminer la variété des menus composés d’aliments à texture standard offerts dans les établissements de soins de longue durée (ÉSLD) canadiens et son association avec l’apport alimentaire des résidents.
Méthodes. Vingt-neuf menus d’ÉSLD de l’Alberta, du Manitoba, du Nouveau-Brunswick et de l’Ontario ont été analysés. Les articles offerts pendant le cycle de menus d’aliments à texture standard ont été catégorisés selon les groupes alimentaires du Guide alimentaire canadien, et les scores de variété ont été calculés par jour et par semaine. L’apport alimentaire chez les résidents a été évalué en pesant les aliments ingérés et en observant l’apport alimentaire durant 3 jours non consécutifs. La qualité de l’alimentation a été déterminée à l’aide d’un ratio moyen d’adéquation en nutriments (RMAN) pour les consommateurs d’aliments standards, d’aliments mous et d’aliments en petites bouchées (n = 394).
Résultats. Les scores moyens quotidiens et hebdomadaires de variété des menus étaient de 24 ± 5,8 et de 78 ± 17,2, respectivement, avec des scores significativement plus élevés en Ontario (29 ± 2,7 et 102 ± 11,7). De tous les groupes alimentaires, seul le score de variété de la catégorie alimentaire « Autres » a était positivement associé à l’apport en protéines. Aucune association n’a été observée entre la variété et l’apport énergétique ou le RMAN.
Conclusions. Cette étude est la première au Canada à évaluer la variété des menus en ÉSLD. Bien que la variété des menus varie d’une province à l’autre, elle n’était pas associée à la qualité de l’alimentation ou à l’apport alimentaire chez les résidents.

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Financial support: Canadian Institutes for Health Research provided peer-reviewed funding for this study (grant numbers 201403MOP-326892-NUT-CENA-25463).
Conflict of interest: None of the authors has a conflict of interest.

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cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 81Number 1March 2020
Pages: 8 - 14

History

Version of record online: 8 May 2019

Authors

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Christine Lagacé BSc, MSc, RD
École des sciences des aliments, de nutrition et d’études familiales, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB
Natalie Carrier PhD, RD
École des sciences des aliments, de nutrition et d’études familiales, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB
Lita Villalon PhD, RD
École des sciences des aliments, de nutrition et d’études familiales, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB
Christina Lengyel PhD, RD
Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB
Susan Slaughter PhD, RN
Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
Jill Morrison MSc
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON
Heather Keller PhD, RD
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON
Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON

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