Infection and Anemia In Canadian Aboriginal Infants

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
December 2004

Abstract

The prevalence of anemia in Aboriginal children is high, but, given the high burden of infection in these children, the extent to which anemia is due to iron deficiency and/or infection is unclear. To determine the contribution of iron deficiency to anemia, we screened 144 Aboriginal infants (70 boys, 74 girls) who were free from infection. The prevalence of anemia (hemoglobin <105 g/L) was 18.8%; caregivers reported that 53.5% of infants had had an infection in the two weeks before screening. Anemic infants were more likely than non-anemic infants to have had an infection before screening (74.1% versus 48.7%, p = 0.02), and anemic infants had a higher prevalence of iron deficiency revealed by low serum iron concentrations (< μ7 mol/L) (73.7% versus 38.3%, p <0.01). Iron deficiency measured using serum ferritin concentration tended to be less marked in infants who had had an infection (13% versus 30.3%, p = 0.06); this is probably because serum ferritin is a positive acute-phase protein. This study indicates the difficulty of isolating the contribution of infection to anemia from the separate effects of dietary iron deficiency.

Résumé

La prévalence de l'anémie chez les enfants autochtones est élevée, mais étant donné la charge infectieuse qui pèse sur eux, on ne sait pas jusqu’à quel point l'anémie est due à une carence en fer ou à l'infection ou aux deux. Pour déterminer la contribution de la carence en fer à l'anémie, nous avons évalué 144 enfants autochtones (70 garçons, 74 filles) exempts d'infections. La prévalence de l'anémie (hémoglobine <105 g/L) se chiffrait à 18,8 %; selon le personnel soignant, 53,5 % des enfants avaient souffert d'une infection au cours des deux semaines précédant l’évaluation. Les enfants anémiques étaient plus susceptibles que les non-anémiques d'avoir été atteints d'une infection avant l’évaluation (74,1 % contre 48,7 %, p=0,02) et présentaient une plus forte prévalence de carence en fer révélée par de faibles concentrations de fer sérique (<7 μmol/L) (73,7 % contre 38,3 %, p<0,01). La carence en fer mesurée par la concentration de ferritine sérique avait tendance à être moins marquée chez les enfants qui avaient souffert d'une infection (13 % contre 30,3 %, p=0,06), situation probablement attribuable au fait que la ferritine sérique est une protéine de la phase aiguë de l'inflammation. Cette étude fait ressortir la difficulté d’établir, pour l'anémie, la distinction entre la contribution de l'infection et celle de la carence alimentaire en fer.

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Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 65Number 4December 2004
Pages: 180 - 182

History

Version of record online: 12 February 2007

Authors

Affiliations

Noreen D. Willows, PhD
Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
Katherine Gray-Donald, PhD
School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, PQ

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