Meal Composition And Shift Work Performance

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
March 2005

Abstract

Research indicates that the ability to perform a task can be affected by the composition of the meal preceding the task. This study investigated the effect of shift workers’ consumption of a medium-fat, medium-carbohydrate meal on alertness scores. Six subjects (four men, two women) aged 19 to 44 recorded food intake, sleep, and quality of sleep for two weeks, and measured their body temperature and performed cognitive tests during two night shifts at baseline and in test periods. The Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) was used to quantify sleepiness, and a Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) was used to measure cognitive performance. In comparison with the score at baseline, when subjects had a low-fat, high-carbohydrate dietary intake (1,335 kcal/5,588 kJ, 56% carbohydrate, 28% fat), the 1.6-second PASAT score improved significantly (p=0.042) during night shifts when subjects consumed a test meal (987 kcal/4,131 kJ, 46% carbohydrate, 42% fat). No statistically significant difference in SSS was found between baseline and test periods. The reduced body temperature between 2400 hours and 0530 hours was similar for both baseline and test periods. Meal composition and size during night shifts may affect cognitive performance.

Résumé

Les recherches montrent que la capacité d'accomplir une tâche peut être influencée par la composition du repas précédant l'activité. Cette étude avait pour but d’étudier l'effet de la consommation d'un repas à teneur moyenne en matières grasses et en glucides sur les scores d'attention des travailleurs par équipes. Six sujets (quatre hommes, deux femmes) de 19 à 44 ans ont consigné leur apport alimentaire, le nombre d'heures de sommeil et la qualité de leur sommeil pendant deux semaines; ils ont également pris leur température corporelle et se sont soumis à des tests cognitifs pendant deux nuits de service avant et pendant la période expérimentale. La Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) a été utilisée pour quantifier la somnolence et un Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) a servi à mesurer la performance cognitive. Comparativement au score obtenu avant la période expérimentale – lorsque les sujets consommaient une alimentation faible en matières grasses et riche en glucides (1 335 kcal/5 588 kJ, 56% de glucides, 28% de matières grasses) –, le score PASAT de 1,6 seconde s'est amélioré de façon significative (p=0,042) pendant les services de nuit lorsque les sujets avaient consommé un repas expérimental (987 kcal/4 131 kJ, 46% de glucides, 42% de matières grasses). Aucune différence significative n'a été observée pour la SSS entre la période avant l'expérience et la période expérimentale. La température corporelle plus basse entre minuit et 5 h 30 était semblable pendant les deux périodes. La composition du repas et la grosseur des portions pendant les services de nuit peuvent influencer la performance cognitive.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 66Number 1March 2005
Pages: 38 - 40

History

Version of record online: 12 February 2007

Authors

Affiliations

Heather L. Love, RD
Corilee A. Watters, MSc, RD
Capital Health, Edmonton, AB
Wei-Ching Chang, PhD
Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB

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