Comprehension and Use of Nutrition Facts Tables among Adolescents and Young Adults in Canada

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
15 January 2016

Abstract

Purpose: Limited evidence exists on the comprehension and use of Nutrition Facts tables (NFt) among adolescents and young adults. This study provides an account of how young people engage with, understand, and apply nutrition information on the current and modified versions of the NFt to compare and choose foods.
Methods: Participants aged 16–24 years (n = 26) were asked to “think aloud” while viewing either the current or 1 of 5 modified NFts and completing a behavioural task. The task included a questionnaire with 9 functional items requiring participants to define, compare, interpret, and manipulate serving size and percentage daily value (%DV) information on NFts. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to further probe thought processes and difficulties experienced in completing the task.
Results: Equal serving sizes on NFts improved ability to accurately compare nutrition information between products. Most participants could define %DV and believed it can be used to compare foods, yet some confusion persisted when interpreting %DVs and manipulating serving-size information on NFts. Where serving sizes were unequal, mathematical errors were often responsible for incorrect responses.
Conclusions: Results reinforce the need for equal serving sizes on NFts of similar products and highlight young Canadians’ confusion when using nutrition information on NFts.

Résumé

Objectif. Il existe peu de données probantes sur la compréhension et l’utilisation des tableaux de la valeur nutritive (TVN) chez les adolescents et les jeunes adultes. La présente étude donne un aperçu de la façon dont les jeunes abordent, comprennent et appliquent l’information nutritionnelle figurant sur les versions actuelles et modifiées des TVN pour comparer et choisir leurs aliments.
Méthodes. On a demandé à des participants âgés de 16 à 24 ans (n = 26) de « réfléchir à voix haute » pendant qu’ils regardaient la version actuelle ou l’une des cinq versions modifiées des TVN et qu’ils réalisaient une tâche comportementale. La tâche consistait notamment à répondre à un questionnaire comportant 9 éléments fonctionnels dans lequel on demandait aux participants de définir, de comparer, d’interpréter et de manipuler la taille des portions et l’information concernant le pourcentage de la valeur quotidienne (% VQ) figurant sur les TVN. On a mené des entrevues semi-structurées pour en savoir plus sur le processus cognitif et les difficultés éprouvées pendant l’exécution de la tâche.
Résultats. Les tailles des portions égales sur les TVN amélioraient la capacité à comparer avec précision l’information nutritionnelle entre les produits. La plupart des participants pouvaient définir le % VQ et étaient d’avis qu’il pouvait servir à comparer les aliments. Toutefois, une certaine confusion demeurait lors de l’interprétation des % VQ et de la manipulation de l’information concernant la taille des portions figurant sur les TVN. Lorsque les tailles des portions n’étaient pas les mêmes, des erreurs mathématiques ont mené, dans de nombreux cas, à des réponses incorrectes.
Conclusions. Les résultats appuient la nécessité d’indiquer des tailles de portions égales sur les TVN des produits similaires et mettent en évidence la confusion parmi les jeunes Canadiens lorsqu’ils utilisent l’information nutritionnelle figurant sur les TVN.

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Supplementary Material

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Supplementary FigureSupplementary Table (cjdpr-2015-042supplfig1.pdf)

Information & Authors

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Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 77Number 2June 2016
Pages: 59 - 65

History

Version of record online: 15 January 2016

Authors

Affiliations

Erin Hobin PhD
Public Health Ontario, University Avenue, Toronto, ON
Grace Shen-Tu PhD
Public Health Ontario, University Avenue, Toronto, ON
Jocelyn Sacco PhD
Public Health Ontario, University Avenue, Toronto, ON
Christine White MSC
School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON
Carolyn Bowman MSC
Public Health Ontario, University Avenue, Toronto, ON
Judy Sheeshka PhD
Dietetics, Nutrition, and Food Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC
Gail Mcvey PhD
The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON
Mary Fodor O’Brien MHSC
Public Health Ontario, University Avenue, Toronto, ON
Lana Vanderlee PhD
School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON
David Hammond PhD
School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON

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1. Use of Nutrition Information and Understanding of “Percent Daily Value” on Nutrition Facts Tables: Evaluating the Impact of a National Public Education Campaign among Youth and Young Adults in Canada
2. Benchmarks and Blinders: How Canadian Women Utilize the Nutrition Facts Table

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