Food Frequency Questionnaire for Assessing Infant Iron Nutrition

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
September 2005

Abstract

A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was developed and tested for assessing iron nutrition in infants through comparison with a three-day food record (3d-FR) and measures of iron status. Parents of 148 infants aged eight to 26 months completed a 3d-FR and an FFQ. Blood was collected for measures of hemoglobin (Hgb), ferritin, and transferrin receptor (sTfR). Iron deficiency anemia and iron depletion (ferritin ≤12 µg/L) were found in 9% and 26% of infants, respectively. The intakes of energy, total iron, heme and non-heme iron, vitamin C, and dietary fibre determined by the FFQ were associated with the intakes of the same nutrient determined by the 3d-FR (p<0.05). The intakes of energy, total iron, non-heme and heme iron, vitamin C, and fibre were significantly higher when estimated by the FFQ than by the 3d-FR. Total and heme iron intakes determined by the FFQ were significantly associated with serum ferritin, sTfR, and the sTfR:ferritin ratio (p<0.05). However, iron intakes explained <10% of the variability in iron status. Despite relative validity of the FFQ for evaluating differences in energy, iron, vitamin C, and fibre intake compared with a 3d-FR, FFQs need further development before they can be used to advance assessment of iron intake and status in infants.

Résumé

Un questionnaire de fréquence alimentaire (QFA) a été élaboré et testé pour évaluer l’état nutritionnel en fer chez de jeunes enfants dans le but de le comparer à un relevé alimentaire de trois jours (RA-3j) et à des mesures de l’état en fer. Les parents de 148 jeunes enfants de 8 à 26 mois ont rempli un RA-3j et un QFA. On a recueilli du sang pour mesurer l’hémoglobine (Hgb), la ferritine et le récepteur de la transferrine (RTr). On a observé de l’anémie ferriprive et une déplétion en fer (ferritine ≤12 µg/l) chez respectivement 9% et 26% des enfants. Les apports en énergie, fer total, fer hémique et non hémique, vitamine C et fibres alimentaires déterminés par le QFA ont été associés aux apports des mêmes nutriments déterminés par le RA-3j (p<0,05). Les apports en énergie, fer total, fer hémique et non hémique, vitamine C et fibres étaient significativement plus élevés lorsqu’ils étaient estimés par le QFA comparativement au RA-3j. Les apports en fer total et en fer hémique évalués par le QFA ont été significativement associés à la ferritine sérique, au RTr et au ratio RTr-ferritine (p<0,05). Cependant, les apports en fer expliquaient moins de 10% de la variabilité de l’état en fer. Malgré leur validité relative pour évaluer les différences dans les apports en énergie, en fer, en vitamine C et en fibres comparativement au RA-3j, les QFA doivent être améliorés avant d’être utilisés pour faire progresser l’évaluation des apports et de l’état en fer chez de jeunes enfants.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 66Number 3September 2005
Pages: 176 - 182

History

Version of record online: 12 February 2007

Authors

Affiliations

Patricia L. Williams, PhD, RD
Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
Sheila M. Innis, PhD, RD
Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC

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