Developing School Nutrition Policies: Enabling and Barrier Factors

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
18 November 2009

Abstract

Purpose: The study was conducted to identify the enabling and barrier factors in the development of nutrition policies in Prince Edward Island elementary and consolidated schools.
Methods: A document review and in-depth interviews were conducted with key stakeholders (n=12).
Results: Principals were identified as important champions for change. Working group members created an interface between the school world and the nutrition world, and drew upon common philosophical ground to work together to lead the change process. Successfully navigating the process of policy development required building a case for change, testing policies in the real world, integrating healthy eating within school life, offering support to schools, engaging participants, and acknowledging the need to weigh the costs and benefits of the change. At times, external pressures on schools and available foods varied in the extent to which they enabled or challenged policy development. Finally, resource limitations, competing issues, and the use of unhealthy food as rewards were identified as the primary barriers.
Conclusions: The use of a consultative approach that engages key stakeholders early in the process is critical to the successful development of school nutrition policies. This approach also may be an important predictor of the longterm success of such initiatives.

Résumé

Objectif. L'étude a été menée afin de déceler les facteurs favorables et défavorables à l'élaboration des politiques nutritionnelles dans des écoles primaires et centralisées de l’Île-duPrince-Édouard.
Méthodes. Un examen des documents et des entretiens en profondeur ont été menés avec des intervenants clés (n=12).
Résultats. Les directeurs d'école ont été reconnus comme des agents de changement importants. Les membres du groupe de travail ont créé une interface entre le monde scolaire et celui de la nutrition et tiré profit de principes philosophiques communs pour travailler ensemble à la réalisation du processus de changement. Pour conduire avec succès le processus d'élaboration des politiques, il faut bâtir un projet de changement, tester les politiques dans la réalité, intégrer l'alimentation saine dans la vie de l'école, offrir un soutien aux écoles, engager les participants et reconnaître le besoin de peser les coûts et les avantages du changement. Les pressions externes sur les écoles et les aliments accessibles variaient parfois dans leur capacité à faciliter l'élaboration des politiques ou à y faire obstacle. Enfin, les ressources limitées, la concurrence des priorités et l'usage d'aliments inadéquats comme récompenses ont été décelés comme les obstacles les plus importants.
Conclusions. La mise en œuvre d'une approche consultative qui engage les intervenants clés au début du processus est essentielle au succès de l'élaboration de politiques nutritionnelles dans les écoles. Cette approche peut également s'avérer un important moyen de prédiction du succès à long terme de ces initiatives.

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Information & Authors

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Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 70Number 4December 2009
Pages: 166 - 171

History

Version of record online: 18 November 2009

Authors

Affiliations

Debbie MacLellan, PhD, RD
Department of Family and Nutritional Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE
Jennifer Taylor, PhD, RD
Department of Family and Nutritional Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE
Catherine Freeze, MEd, RD, CDE
Department of Health and Social Services, Government of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE

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2. Moving from Policy to Practice: A Report of School Nutrition Policy Adherence in Nova Scotia
3. Moving Forward with School Nutrition Policies: A Case Study of Policy Adherence in Nova Scotia
4. Exploring Implementation of the Ontario School Food and Beverage Policy at the Secondary-School Level: A Qualitative Study

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