Susceptibilité à l’obésité : rôle des déterminants génétiques des comportements alimentaires
Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
11 Août 2017
Résumé
En présence d’un environnement favorisant la sédentarité et l’accessibilité aux aliments, certains individus sont plus susceptibles au gain de poids. Cette différence individuelle peut s’expliquer par des interactions gène-environnement. En effet, il a été démontré que certains individus présentent une prédisposition génétique à l’obésité. De plus, une composante génétique a également été associée aux comportements alimentaires, tels que la restriction cognitive, la désinhibition et la susceptibilité à la faim, ces derniers étant également liés à l’obésité. L’objectif de cet article de revue est de présenter l’état des connaissances en ce qui a trait à l’héritabilité de certains comportements alimentaires, puis d’identifier les gènes associés à ces comportements. Les résultats démontrent que la désinhibition et la susceptibilité à la faim sont deux comportements alimentaires particulièrement héritables et que plusieurs gènes candidats sont maintenant associés aux comportements alimentaires. Ces résultats indiquent que l’on est loin d’être tous égaux face aux aliments et peuvent aider les professionnels à mieux comprendre la variabilité observée en contexte d’intervention. L’identification des gènes associés aux comportements alimentaires s’avère primordiale afin de mieux identifier les individus plus à risque de gain de poids et de mieux intervenir auprès de ces derniers.
Abstract
When exposed to an environment that promotes a sedentary lifestyle and food accessibility, some individuals are at a higher risk of weight gain. This individual difference can be explained by gene–environment interactions. It has been shown that some individuals have a genetic predisposition to obesity. In addition, a genetic component has been associated with eating behaviour traits such as cognitive restraint, disinhibition, and susceptibility to hunger, all of which are also linked to obesity. The purpose of this review article is to present the current state of knowledge on the heritability of specific eating behaviour traits and to then identify the genes associated with these behaviours. The findings show that disinhibition and susceptibility to hunger are 2 eating behaviour traits that are particularly heritable and that several candidate genes are now associated with eating behaviour traits. These findings indicate that we are far from equal when it comes to food and can help professionals better understand the variability observed in an intervention context. Identifying genes associated with eating behaviour traits is crucial to better identify and intervene with people at higher risk of weight gain.
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Source de financement : Les travaux de LP ont été financés par des subventions des Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada (MOP-144278, MOP-77652 et FRCN-CCT-83028). AT est financé en partie par la Chaire de recherche du Canada en environnement et bilan énergétique.
Conflit d’intérêts : Les auteurs déclarent ne pas avoir de conflits d’intérêts.
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Published In
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 78 • Number 4 • December 2017
Pages: 197 - 203
History
Version of record online: 11 Août 2017
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© 2017.
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RaphaëlleJacobM. Sc., AngeloTremblayPh. D., VickyDrapeauPh. D., VéroniqueProvencherPh. D., and LouisPérussePh. D.. 2017. Susceptibilité à l’obésité : rôle des déterminants génétiques des comportements alimentaires. Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research.
78(4): 197-203. https://doi.org/10.3148/cjdpr-2017-019
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