Prevalence and Characteristics Associated with Modified Texture Food Use in Long Term Care: An Analysis of Making the Most of Mealtimes (M3) Project

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
7 February 2019

Abstract

Purpose: To describe the prevalence and characteristics of modified-texture food (MTF) consumers when applying standard diet terminology.
Methods: Making the Most of Mealtimes (M3) is a cross-sectional multi-site study including 32 long-term care (LTC) homes located in 4 Canadian provinces. Resident characteristics were collected from health records using a defined protocol and extraction form. Since homes used 67 different terms to describe MTFs, diets were recategorized using the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative Framework as a basis for classification.
Results: MTFs were prescribed to 47% (n = 298) of participants (n = 639) and prevalence significantly differed among provinces (P < 0.0001). Various resident characteristics were significantly associated with use of MTFs: dysphagia and malnutrition risk, dementia diagnosis, prescription of oral nutritional supplements; lower body weight and calf circumference; greater need for physical assistance with eating; poor oral health status; and dependence in all activities of daily living.
Conclusions: This is the first study that used a diverse sample of LTC residents to determine prevalence of MTF use and described consumers. The prevalence of prescribed MTFs was high and diverse across provinces in Canada. Residents prescribed MTFs were more vulnerable than residents on regular texture diets. These findings add value to our understanding of MTF consumers.

Résumé

Objectif. Décrire la prévalence et les caractéristiques des consommateurs d’aliments à texture modifiée (ATM) lorsque la terminologie standard de l’alimentation est utilisée.
Méthodes. Making the Most of Mealtimes (M3) [Optimiser la période des repas] est une étude transversale multisites regroupant 32 établissements de soins de longue durée (ÉSLD) situés dans 4 provinces canadiennes. Les caractéristiques des résidents ont été recueillies à partir de dossiers de santé à l’aide d’un protocole défini et d’un formulaire d’extraction. Étant donné que les établissements utilisaient 67 termes différents pour décrire les ATM, les régimes alimentaires ont été recatégorisés selon l’International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative comme base de classification.
Résultats. Des ATM ont été prescrits à 47 % (n = 298) des participants (n = 639) et la prévalence variait considérablement d’une province à l’autre (P < 0,0001). Diverses caractéristiques des résidents ont été associées de façon significative à l’utilisation d’ATM : risque de dysphagie et de malnutrition, diagnostic de démence, prescription de suppléments nutritifs oraux, diminution du poids corporel et de la circonférence du mollet, besoin accru d’aide physique pour manger, mauvaise santé buccodentaire et dépendance dans toutes les activités de la vie quotidienne.
Conclusions. Il s’agit de la première étude à utiliser un échantillon diversifié de résidents en ÉSLD pour déterminer la prévalence de l’utilisation des ATM et pour décrire les consommateurs. La prévalence des ATM prescrits était élevée et variée d’une province à l’autre au Canada. Les résidents à qui l’on prescrivait des ATM étaient plus vulnérables que ceux dont l’alimentation était composée d’aliments à texture standard. Ces résultats nous permettent de mieux comprendre les consommateurs d’ATM.

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Funding sources: The work was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Operating Grant 2014 #326892). The M3 study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02800291.
Conflict of interest: Vanessa Vucea, Heather H. Keller, Jill M. Morrison, Lisa M. Duizer, and Alison M. Duncan, declare that they have no conflict of interest. Catriona M. Steele discloses grant funding from the NIDCD (2R01DC011020) and membership on the board of directors for the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative.

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Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 80Number 3September 2019
Pages: 104 - 110

History

Version of record online: 7 February 2019

Authors

Affiliations

Vanessa Vucea MSc
Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON
Heather H. Keller PhD, RD
Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, ON
Jill M. Morrison MSc
Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON
Lisa M. Duizer PhD
Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON
Alison M. Duncan PhD, RD
Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON
Catriona M. Steele PhD
Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
Faculty of Medicine, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON

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