Vegetable/Fruit Intakes of Young Children at Home and in Childcare Centres

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
12 September 2019

Abstract

Purpose: The vegetable/fruit intakes of a sample of children attending regulated childcare in Nova Scotia was assessed and compared by age groups (3 and 4–5 year olds) and by home and childcare environments.
Methods: Seventy-nine children had 3–4-day food records and 58 had records from both environments. The data were coded by the 2007 Canada’s Food Guide (CFG) recommendations and the 2014 Classification of Foods in the Canadian Nutrient File according to CFG (CNF/CFG) Tiers. Descriptive statistics and tests of significance were determined.
Results: Overall, 56% of children met the CFG vegetable/fruit recommendations but the percentage of older children meeting recommendations was half that of the younger age group; a significant difference. Fruit and juice comprised 65% of vegetable/fruit intakes with more consumed at home. Vegetable/fruit items were mostly from the higher quality CNF/CFG Tiers but more of the lower quality items were consumed at home.
Conclusions: The 4–5 year olds may not be increasing their vegetable/fruit intakes as the CFG recommends. While just over half of children met CFG vegetable/fruit recommendations, the vegetable/fruit items were mostly high quality; fruit and juice predominated. Identification of strategies to support increased vegetable/fruit intakes of children in both home and childcare environments is warranted.

Résumé

Objectif. La consommation de légumes et fruits d’un échantillon d’enfants fréquentant un service de garde réglementé en Nouvelle-Écosse a été évaluée et comparée par groupe d’âge (3 et 4–5 ans) et par environnement (maison et service de garde).
Méthodes. Soixante-dix-neuf enfants avaient un journal alimentaire de 3–4 jours, et 58 avaient un journal des deux environnements. Les données ont été codées selon les recommandations du Guide alimentaire canadien (GAC) de 2007 et les Niveaux utilisés dans la classification des aliments du Fichier canadien sur les éléments nutritifs selon le GAC (classification FCÉN/GAC) de 2014. Des statistiques descriptives et des tests de signification ont été établis.
Résultats. Dans l’ensemble, 56 % des enfants respectaient les recommandations du GAC pour les légumes et fruits, mais le pourcentage d’enfants plus vieux respectant ces recommandations était deux fois plus faible que celui du groupe d’âge plus jeune, une différence significative. Les fruits et les jus comptaient pour 65 % de la consommation de légumes et fruits, et ils étaient davantage consommés à la maison. Les légumes et les fruits correspondaient principalement aux niveaux de qualité plus élevés du FCÉN/GAC, mais ceux de qualité moindre étaient davantage consommés à la maison.
Conclusions. Il est possible que les enfants de 4–5 ans n’augmentent pas leur consommation de légumes et fruits comme le recommande le GAC. Un peu plus de la moitié des enfants respectaient les recommandations du GAC pour les légumes et fruits, et les légumes et fruits consommés étaient principalement de grande qualité; les fruits et les jus prédominaient. Il serait justifié de définir des stratégies pour appuyer une consommation accrue de légumes et fruits chez les enfants à la maison et au service de garde.

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Sources of financial support: This is a manuscript based on the first author’s MScAHN thesis study. The unfunded thesis study used secondary data from the Nutrition Standards in Child Care Project, which was funded by the Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation.
Conflicts of interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 81Number 1March 2020
Pages: 15 - 20

History

Version of record online: 12 September 2019

Authors

Affiliations

Sarah A.R. Gatien RD(c), MScAHN
Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS
Linda L. Mann PDt, MBA
Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS
Sara F.L. Kirk PhD
School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
Kimberley J. Hernandez PDt, PhD(c)
Applied Research Collaborations for Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
Melissa Rossiter RD, PhD
Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE

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1. Food and Nutrient Intakes of Nova Scotian Children in Home and Childcare Environments

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