Exploring Breastfeeding Knowledge and Attitudes among Noncaregivers: A Narrative Review

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
18 November 2019

Abstract

Exclusive breastfeeding to 6 months with continued breastfeeding up to 2 years and beyond are well-established infant feeding recommendations based on evidence that breastfeeding has unparalleled maternal and infant health benefits as well as environmental and economic benefits. As with many high-income countries, breastfeeding rates remain suboptimal with only a quarter of Canadian and European infants receiving breast milk exclusively for the first 6 months. Breastfeeding promotion efforts have largely targeted caregivers in the prenatal and postnatal period; however, breastfeeding outcomes have been shown to be associated with broader sociocultural factors. Noncaregivers play an influential role in infant feeding at both an individual level (e.g., cues and input from health care practitioners and caregivers’ social networks; as future parents) as well as a broader population level (sociocultural norms and policy decisions). This paper outlines recent research on breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes of noncaregivers by population subgroup. Positive correlations have been identified between breastfeeding attitudes, infant feeding knowledge, breastfeeding exposure, and breastfeeding intention among different subgroups; however, key knowledge gaps, lack of exposure to breastfeeding, and negative public perceptions of breastfeeding persist. Dietitians can advocate for breastfeeding promotion strategies that consider the role of noncaregivers to address sociocultural norms around breastfeeding.

Résumé

L’allaitement maternel exclusif jusqu’à six mois suivi d’un allaitement continu jusqu’à deux ans et plus est une recommandation sur la nutrition du nourrisson bien établie et fondée sur des données probantes selon lesquelles l’allaitement procure des bienfaits sans pareils pour la santé de la mère et du nourrisson, en plus de bienfaits environnementaux et économiques. Comme c’est le cas dans plusieurs pays à revenu élevé, les taux d’allaitement demeurent sous-optimaux; en effet, seulement un quart des nourrissons canadiens et européens reçoivent exclusivement du lait maternel durant leurs six premiers mois de vie. Les efforts de promotion de l’allaitement ciblent principalement les fournisseurs de soins pendant les périodes prénatale et postnatale; cependant, l’allaitement semble être associé à des facteurs socioculturels plus vastes. Les personnes qui ne prodiguent pas de soins influencent également la nutrition des nourrissons, tant au niveau individuel (p. ex. conseils donnés par des professionnels de la santé ou par l’entourage des futurs parents) que populationnel (normes socioculturelles et décisions politiques). Cet article présente, par sous-groupes de la population, les dernières recherches réalisées sur les connaissances et les attitudes relatives à l’allaitement des personnes qui ne sont pas des fournisseurs de soins. Il existe des corrélations positives entre les attitudes relatives à l’allaitement, les connaissances sur la nutrition du nourrisson, l’exposition à l’allaitement et l’intention d’allaiter parmi les différents sous-groupes. Cependant, le manque de connaissances pertinentes, la faible exposition à l’allaitement et les perceptions négatives du public à l’égard de l’allaitement persistent. Les diététistes peuvent prôner des stratégies de promotion de l’allaitement qui tiennent compte du rôle des personnes qui ne sont pas des fournisseurs de soins pour aborder les normes socioculturelles entourant l’allaitement.

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Sources of financial support: This research was funded by a Mount Saint Vincent University New Scholars Grant. K.C. received support through the Mount Saint Vincent University CN Student Research Internship program.
Conflicts of interest: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 81Number 2June 2020
Pages: 97 - 104

History

Version of record online: 18 November 2019

Authors

Affiliations

Kathleen Chan BSc
Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS
Kyly C. Whitfield PhD
Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS

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