Assessment of Phenolic Compound Intake from Plant-Derived Products in Adolescents from Ontario, Canada

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
19 February 2020

Abstract

Purpose: To better understand which plant-derived products contribute to the usual daily total polyphenol content (TPC) intake of Canadian adolescents.
Methods: A convenience sample from 2 southwestern Ontario high schools was obtained (n = 108). Students of all gender and ethnicity were invited to participate if they were enrolled in grades 9–12 and were between the ages of 13 and 18 years. To measure the usual intake of TPC found in fruits, vegetables, fruit juices, nuts and legumes, tea, and coffee and coffee-based beverages, participants completed a food frequency questionnaire. TPC of the tea, coffee and coffee-based beverages, and fruit juices were determined spectrophotometrically, and the TPC of all other food items were calculated using the Phenol-Explorer Database.
Results: Participants’ median consumption of TPC was 974 mg/day (25th, 75th percentile; 559, 2161, respectively). Fruit contributed 69% to TPC intake with 24% from vegetables; 3% from juice; 2% from tea, coffee, and coffee-based beverages; and 0% from nuts and pulses. No sex differences were found.
Conclusion: The results of this exploratory study suggest that fruit is the major contributor to the daily TPC intake of adolescents in Ontario, Canada; however, a larger-scale study is warranted to confirm these findings.

Résumé

Objectif. Mieux comprendre quels produits végétaux contribuent à l’apport en quantité totale de polyphénols (QTP) quotidien habituel des adolescents canadiens.
Méthodes. Un échantillon de commodité provenant de deux écoles secondaires du sud-ouest de l’Ontario a été obtenu (n = 108). Des élèves de tous genres et toutes origines ethniques ont été invités à participer s’ils étaient entre la 9e et la 12e année de niveau scolaire et étaient âgés de 13 à 18 ans. Pour mesurer l’apport habituel en QTP que l’on retrouve dans les fruits, les légumes, les jus de fruits, les noix et les légumineuses, le thé, et le café et les boissons à base de café, les participants ont rempli un questionnaire de fréquence alimentaire. La QTP du thé, du café et des boissons à base de café, ainsi que des jus de fruits, a été déterminée par spectrophotométrie, et la QTP de tous les autres aliments a été calculée au moyen de la base de données Phenol-Explorer.
Résultats. La consommation médiane de QTP des participants était de 974 mg/jour (25e, 75e percentile; 559, 2161 respectivement). Les fruits contribuaient à 69 % de l’apport en QTP, suivis des légumes à 24 %; du jus à 3 %; du thé, du café et des boissons à base de café à 2 %; et à 0 % pour les noix et les légumineuses. Aucune différence entre les genres n’a été ciblée.
Conclusions. Les résultats de cette étude exploratoire donnent à penser que les fruits sont le principal contributeur de l’apport quotidien en QTP des adolescents de l’Ontario, au Canada; cependant, une étude à plus grande échelle est nécessaire pour confirmer ces résultats.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Financial support: This study was funded by a Brescia University College research grant and by the Canadian Federation of University Women.
Conflicts of interest: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

References

1
Hollman PC, Cassidy A, Comte B, Heinonen M, Richelle M, Richling E, et al. The biological relevance of direct antioxidant effects of polyphenols for cardiovascular health in humans is not established. J Nutr. 2011;141(5):989S–1009S.
2
Miranda AM, Steluti J, Fisberg RM, and Marchioni DM. Dietary intake and food contributors of polyphenols in adults and elderly adults of Sao Paulo: a population-based study. Br J Nutr. 2016;115(6):1061–70.
3
Hooper L, Kroon P, Rimm E, Cohn J, Harvey I, Cornu K, et al. Flavonoids, flavonoid-rich foods, and cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88(1):38–50.
4
Whelton PK, He J, Appel LJ, Cutlet JA, Havas S, Kotchen TA, et al. Primary prevention of hypertension: clinical and public health advisory from the national high blood pressure education program. JAMA. 2002;288(15):1882–8.
5
Mink PJ, Scrafford CG, Barraj LM, Harnack L, Hong CP, Nettleton JA, et al. Flavonoid intake and cardiovascular disease mortality: a prospective study in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85(3):895–909.
6
Statistics Canada. Fruit and vegetable consumption, 5 times or more per day, by age group [Internet]. Table 13-10-0096-12. Ottawa, ON: Statistics Canada; 2018 [revised 2018 Nov 28; cited 2018 Nov 28]. Available from https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1310009612.
7
Zamora-Ros R, Knaze V, Rothwell JA, Hemon B, Moskal A, Overvad K, et al. Dietary polyphenol intake in Europe: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Eur J Nutr. 2016;55(4):1359–75.
8
Branum AM, Rossen LM, and Schoendorf KC. Trends in caffeine intake among US children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2014;133(3):386–93.
9
Turton P, Piché L, and Battram DS. Adolescent attitudes and beliefs regarding caffeine and the consumption of caffeinated beverages. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2015;48(3):181–9.
10
Kolodziejczyk JK, Merchant G, and Norman GJ. Reliability and validity of child/adolescent food frequency questionnaires that assess foods and/or food groups. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012;55(1):4–13.
11
Hedrick VE, Comber DL, Estabrooks PA, Savla J, and Davy BM. The beverage intake questionnaire: determining initial validity and reliability. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010;110(8):1227–32.
12
Rothwell JA, Pérez-Jiménez J, Neveu V, Medina-Ramon A, M’Hiri N, Garcia Lobato P, et al. Phenol-Explorer 3.0: a major update of the Phenol Explorer database to incorporate data on the effects of food processing on polyphenol content. Database. 2013;2013:bat070.
13
Lachman J, Hosnedl V, Pivec V, Orsák M. Polyphenols in cereals and their positive and negative role in human and animal nutrition In: Vculova K, Ehrenbergerova J, editors. Proceedings of Conference Cereals for Human Health and Preventive Nutrition. Prague, Czech Republic: Agricultural Research Institute Kromeriz Ltd; 1998. p. 118–25.
14
Ivey KL, Hodgson JM, Croft KD, Lewis JR, and Prince RL. Flavonoid intake and all-cause mortality. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101(5):1012–20.
15
Swiderski, F. (red.). Food will be functional. 2000; Warszawa, Poland: WNT.
16
Taguchi C, Kishimoto Y, Fukushima Y, Saita E, Tanaka M, Takahashi Y, et al. Dietary polyphenol intake estimated by 7-day dietary records among Japanese male workers: evaluation of the within and between-individual variation. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. 2017; 63:180–5.
17
Nascimento-Souza MA, DePaiva P, Pérez-Jiménez J, Franceschini SCC, and Ribeiro AQ. Estimated dietary intake and major food sources of polyphenols in elderly of Viçosa, Brazil: a population-based study. Eur J Nutr. 2018; 57:617–27.
18
Barreca D, Gattuso G, Bellocco E, Calderaro A, Trombetta D, Smeriglio A, et al. Flavanones: citrus phytochemical with health promoting properties. Biofactors. 2017; 43(4):495–506.
19
Khoo HE, Azrina A, Teng TS, and Meng LS. Anthocyanidins and anthocyanins: colored pigments as food, pharmaceutical ingredients, and the potential health benefits. Food Nutr Res. 2017;61:1–21.
20
Danyliw AD, Vatanparast H, Nikpartow N, and Whiting SJ. Beverage patterns among Canadian children and relationship to overweight and obesity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2012; 37:900–6.
21
Frary CD, Johnson RK, and Wang MQ. Food sources and intakes of caffeine in the diets of persons in the United States. J Am Diet Assoc. 2005;105:110–3.
22
Garriguet D. Eating habits of Canadians. Health Rep. 2007;18(2):17–32.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 81Number 3September 2020
Pages: 146 - 149

History

Version of record online: 19 February 2020

Authors

Affiliations

Sara Michelle Weinman MScFN, RD
School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, London, ON
Danielle S. Battram PhD RD PHEc
School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, London, ON
Latifeh Ahmadi PhD
School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, London, ON

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Other Metrics

Citations

Cite As

Export Citations

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

There are no citations for this item

View Options

Get Access

Login options

Check if you access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Subscribe

Click on the button below to subscribe to Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research

Purchase options

Purchase this article to get full access to it.

Restore your content access

Enter your email address to restore your content access:

Note: This functionality works only for purchases done as a guest. If you already have an account, log in to access the content to which you are entitled.

View options

PDF

View PDF

Full Text

View Full Text

Media

Media

Other

Tables

Share Options

Share

Share the article link

Share on social media