Planning Micronutrient-Dense Menus in Ontario Long-Term Care Homes: Strategies and Challenges

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
4 June 2020

Abstract

Prevalence of micronutrient malnutrition is high in individuals living in long-term care (LTC) homes with many individuals consuming low levels of vitamins B6, D, and E; folate; calcium; magnesium; and zinc. The focus of this research was to identify strategies and challenges encountered during development of micronutrient-dense menus for use in Ontario LTC homes and to examine costs associated with development of a menu with acceptable micronutrients. Semi-structured open-ended interviews were conducted with 13 menu planners (7 dietitians, 6 nutrition managers) in diverse LTC homes in Ontario. Data were thematically analyzed. A 7-day hypothetical menu meeting all nutrient requirements was developed and costed. Analysis of the interview data showed that menus are planned according to the Canada’s Food Guide (2007) and focus placed on Dietary Reference Intakes of protein, fibre, calcium, and sodium. Little focus is placed on micronutrients. Flexibility in foods offered was important to accommodate the small volume of food consumed. Resident preferences were balanced against nutritional requirements. Challenges included planning for diverse populations, managing portion sizes, and balancing the budget. A hypothetical menu planned to contain adequate levels of all micronutrients is 49% higher in food costs than the amount currently provided to Ontario LTC homes.

Résumé

La prévalence de carence en micronutriments est élevée chez les personnes vivant dans des établissements de soins de longue durée (SLD), et de nombreuses personnes y consomment peu de vitamines B6, D et E, d’acide folique, de calcium, de magnésium et de zinc. L’objectif de cette recherche était de cerner les stratégies et défis rencontrés lors de l’élaboration de menus à forte teneur en micronutriments destinés à des établissements de SLD de l’Ontario et d’examiner les coûts associés à l’élaboration d’un menu comportant une quantité acceptable de micronutriments. Des entrevues semi-structurées non dirigées ont été menées auprès de 13 responsables de la planification des menus (7 diététistes, 6 responsables de la nutrition) dans divers établissements de SLD en Ontario. Les données ont fait l’objet d’une analyse thématique. Un menu hypothétique de 7 jours répondant à tous les besoins nutritifs a été élaboré, et le coût en a été évalué. L’analyse des données obtenues au cours des entrevues a montré que les menus sont planifiés en fonction du Guide alimentaire canadien (2007) et que l’accent est mis sur les apports nutritionnels de référence en protéines, fibres, calcium et sodium. Peu d’accent est mis sur les micronutriments. La flexibilité quant aux aliments proposés était importante étant donné le faible volume de nourriture consommé. Les préférences des résidents ont été évaluées au regard des besoins nutritionnels. Les défis comprenaient la planification pour des populations diverses, la gestion de la taille des portions et l’équilibre du budget. Les coûts alimentaires liés à un menu hypothétique prévu pour contenir des niveaux adéquats de tous les micronutriments étaient 49 % plus élevés que ceux associés aux quantités actuellement offertes dans les établissements de SLD de l’Ontario.

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Financial support: This project was funded by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural Affairs—University of Guelph partnership program.
Conflict of interest: Author Duizer declares no conflict of interest. Author Keller is an endowed research chair with the Schlegel-University Research Institute for Aging.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 81Number 4December 2020
Pages: 198 - 203

History

Version of record online: 4 June 2020

Authors

Affiliations

Lisa M. Duizer PhD
Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON
Heather H. Keller RD, PhD
Schlegel-University of Water Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, ON

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