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New Insights into Body Composition and Health: Through Imaging Analysis: 2007 Ryley-Jeffs Memorial Lecture

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
21 August 2007

Abstract

From calipers to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we have come a long way in our ability to analyze body composition. Some historical milestones are a reminder that many concepts in muscle and fat metabolism, and their measurement, have stood the test of time. However, newer imaging technology has improved our understanding of population heterogeneity in body composition, and the potential health problems associated with certain body composition phenotypes. Imaging analyses, such as dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, computed tomography, and MRI, have provided detailed characterization of the type and amount of fat deposited centrally (abdominal adipose tissue), the trajectory of losses in muscle tissue (sarcopenia), and the combination of low muscle mass/high fat mass (sarcopenic obesity). The last is a new emerging health concern because the presence of these two disproportionate tissue depots may have an additive effect on increasing morbidity. Ongoing measurement of body composition is needed, and preliminary research suggests this may have important nutritional implications.

Résumé

Des pinces pour mesurer le pli cutané à l'imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM), nous avons accompli de grands progrès dans notre capacité à analyser la composition corporelle. Certains repères historiques nous rappellent que de nombreux concepts relatifs au métabolisme et à la mesure de la masse musculaire et adipeuse ont résisté au passage du temps. Cependant, de nouvelles techniques d'imagerie ont amélioré notre compréhension de l'hétérogénéité de la population quant à la composition corporelle et des problèmes de santé potentiels associés à certains phénotypes de composition corporelle. L'absorptiométrie biphotonique à rayons X, la tomodensitométrie et l'IRM, par exemple, permettent de caractériser en détail le type et la quantité de tissu adipeux déposée au centre du corps (tissu adipeux abdominal), la trajectoire des pertes de tissu musculaire (sarcopénie) et la combinaison d'une perte de masse musculaire et d'une forte masse adipeuse (obésité sarcopénique). Cette dernière condition est apparue récemment comme objet de préoccupation en santé publique, car ces deux dépôts de tissus disproportionnés peuvent conjuguer leurs effets pour accroître la morbidité. Il est nécessaire de poursuivre les mesures de la composition corporelle, et les recherches préliminaires portent à croire qu'elles pourraient avoir d'importantes répercussions en nutrition.

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Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 68Number 3September 2007
Pages: 160 - 165

History

Version of record online: 21 August 2007

Authors

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Linda McCargar, PhD, RD
University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB

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