Risks and Benefits of Fish Consumption For Childbearing Women

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
16 February 2010

Abstract

Pregnant women's fish consumption provides both benefits and risks to the developing fetus. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from fish may enhance fetal neurodevelopment, while methylmercury (MeHg) can have detrimental effects. Dietitians would benefit from information on the frequency with which fish species may be consumed to increase DHA intake among Canadian women of childbearing age, and on minimizing the risks from MeHg, especially for those who consume fish frequently. Eighteen fish species were selected for DHA and mercury analysis from retail markets in the Toronto area. Consumption scenarios using analytical results for these fish species indicate that women of childbearing age can consume nine of 18 fish species every day (14 servings a week) or often (up to four servings a week) and remain below toxicological benchmarks for mercury. Moreover, women can also attain the recommended DHA level by consuming six of those nine fish: four 75-g servings of smelt, porgie, or bluefish a week, or two 75-g servings of milkfish, silver pomfret, or tilapia a day. Our analysis indicates that the DHA level recommended for childbearing women can be attained through fish consumption alone, without the need for supplementation and without posing a risk to the woman (or the fetus) from mercury.

Résumé

La consommation de poisson chez la femme enceinte procure des bienfaits mais présente aussi des risques pour le foetus. L'acide docosahexanoïque (DHA) que renferme le poisson peut accroître le développement neurologique du foetus, tandis que le méthylmercure (MeHg) peut exercer des effets néfastes. Les diététistes bénéficieraient d'une information sur la fréquence selon laquelle les poissons de différentes espèces peuvent être consommés par les Canadiennes en âge de procréer pour augmenter l'apport en DHA et réduire les risques du MeHg, en particulier chez celles qui consomment du poisson fréquemment. Dix-huit espèces de poissons ont été choisies dans des magasins de détail de la région de Toronto en vue d'analyser leur teneur en DHA et en mercure. Les scénarios de consommation conçus à partir des résultats des analyses de ces espèces révèlent que les femmes en âge de procréer peuvent consommer neuf des 18 espèces chaque jour (14 portions par semaine) ou souvent (jusqu’à quatre portions par semaine) tout en demeurant au-dessous du seuil toxicologique pour le mercure. De plus, les femmes peuvent atteindre le niveau recommandé de DHA en consommant six de ces neuf poissons : quatre portions de 75 g d’éperlan, de sparidé ou de tassergal par semaine, ou deux portions de 75 g de poissonlait, de brème de mer ou de tilapia par jour. Notre analyse indique que le niveau de DHA recommandé pour les femmes en âge de procréer peut être atteint par la consommation de poisson seule, sans que la supplémentation soit nécessaire et sans comporter un risque relatif au mercure pour la femme (ou le foetus).

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Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 71Number 1March 2010
Pages: 41 - 45

History

Version of record online: 16 February 2010

Authors

Affiliations

Liana C. Del Gobbo, MSc
Environmental Protection Office, Toronto Public Health, Toronto, ON
Josephine A. Archbold, MSc
Environmental Protection Office, Toronto Public Health, Toronto, ON
Loren D. Vanderlinden, PhD
Environmental Protection Office, Toronto Public Health, Toronto, ON
Chris S. Eckley, PhD
Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, NV
Miriam L. Diamond, PhD
Department of Geography, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
Matthew Robson, PhD
Department of Geography, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON

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