Food Literacy: Definition and Framework for Action

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
21 May 2015

Abstract

The term food literacy is emergent, and as a result the literature reflects a great variety of definitions. Simultaneously, new research and food literacy programming is being developed without an agreed upon definition of what food literacy is and how food skills, food security, and health literacy may fit with the definition. We undertook a scoping review and conceptual analysis to identify how the term is understood and to determine shared components of definitions. We found that although most definitions included a nutrition and food skills component, there was great variation in how the ability to access, process, and enjoy food was affected by our complex food system. We propose a definition of food literacy that includes the positive relationship built through social, cultural, and environmental experiences with food enabling people to make decisions that support health. We offer a framework that situates food literacy at the intersection between community food security and food skills, and we assert that behaviours and skills cannot be separated from their environmental or social context. The proposed definition and framework are intended to be guiding templates for academics and practitioners to position their work in education and advocacy, bringing together separate spheres for collective action.

Résumé

Puisqu'il est émergent, le terme « littératie alimentaire » fait l'objet d'une grande variété de définitions dans la documentation. Simultanément, de nouvelles recherches et de nouveaux programmes axés sur la littératie alimentaire sont mis au point sans qu'aient été établies une définition consensuelle de ce qu'elle représente et la manière elle est associée aux compétences alimentaires, à la sécurité alimentaire et à la littératie en santé. Afin de déterminer comment le terme est compris et de définir les éléments de définition communs, nous avons effectué un examen de la portée et une analyse conceptuelle. Nous avons établi que bien que presque toutes les définitions comprennent une notion de compétences en nutrition et en alimentation, il existe une grande variation dans la manière dont la capacité à accéder aux aliments, à les transformer et à les apprécier était influencée par notre système alimentaire complexe. Nous proposons une définition de la littératie alimentaire intégrant une relation positive avec les aliments, établie à partir d'expériences sociales, culturelles et environnementales, et permettant aux gens de prendre des décisions qui favorisent la santé. Nous offrons un cadre qui situe la littératie alimentaire à l'intersection entre la sécurité alimentaire et les compétences alimentaires d'une communauté, et nous affirmons que les comportements et compétences ne peuvent être dissociés de leur contexte environnemental ou social. La définition et le cadre proposés sont destinés à servir de modèle directeur pour les universitaires et cliniciens, qui pourront mieux positionner leurs travaux en formation et sensibilisation, réunissant ainsi différentes sphères pour une action collective.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

1
Statistics Canada. The Daily-Canadian Community Health Survey, 2013: Health Canada; 2013 [cited 2014 Oct 6]. Available from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/140612/dq140612b-eng.htm.
2
Statistics Canada. Canadian community health survey. Ottawa; 2008.
3
Tarasuk V Policy directions to promote healthy dietary patterns in Canadians Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2010 35 229 -33
4
Nestle M. Food politics: how the food industry influences nutrition and health. Berkeley: University of California Press; 2007.
5
Hamm MW and Bellows AC Community food security and nutrition educators J Nutr Educ Behav. 2003 35 1 37 -43
6
Slater J, Seyenhuysen G, Edington B, and O’Neil J Trying to make it all come together: structuration and employmed mothers’ experience of family food provisioning in Canada Health Promot Int. 2013 27 405 -15
7
Howard A, Brichta J. What’s to eat? Improving food literacy in Canada. Ottawa: Conference Board of Canada; 2013.
8
Kearney J Food consumption trends and drivers Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2010 365 2793 -870
9
Lichtenstein AH and Ludwig DS Bring back home economics education JAMA 2010 303 18 1857 -8
10
Hoffman-Goetz L, Donelle L, Ahmed R. Health literacy in Canada: a primer for students. Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press; 2014.
11
Trickett E, Beehler S, Deutsch C, Green L, Hawe P, McLeroy K, et al. Advancing the science of community level interventions Am J Public Health. 2011 101 8 1411 -9
12
Arksey H and O’Malley L Socping studies: towards a methodological framework Int J Soc Res Methodol. 2005 8 19 -31
13
Google. Google Inside Search 2014 [cited 2014 May 31]. Available from http://www.google.ca/insidesearch/howsearchworks/thestory/.
14
Rodgers B. Concept analysis: an evoltionary view. p. 73–92. In: Rogers B, Knafl K, eds. Concept development in nursing: foundations, techniques, and applications. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1993.
15
Wharf Higgins J. Nourishing health literacy. Ottawa: Public Health Agency of Canada; 2011.
16
Vidgen HA, Gallegos D. What is food literacy and does it influence what we eat: a study of Australian food experts. Brisbane: Queensland University of Technology, Faculty of Public Health; 2011.
17
Vidgen HA, Gallegos D. Defining food literacy, its components, development and relationship to food intake: a case study of young people and disadvantage. Brisbane: Queensland University of Technology; 2012.
18
Caraher M, editor. Cooking in crisis: lessons from the UK. Dublin: Gastronomy Symposium; 2012.
19
Nutbeam D Health literacy as a public health goal: a challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st centruy Health Promot Int. 2000 15 259 -67S
20
Desjardins E, Davidson L, Samara R, Azevedo E, MacDonald A, Dunbar J, et al. Making something out of nothing. Food literacy among youth, young pregnant women and young parents who are at risk of poor health. Toronto: Public Health Ontario; 2013.
21
Fordyce-Voorham S Identification of essential food skills for skill-based healthful eating programs in secondary schools J Nutr Educ Behav. 2011 43 2 116 -22
22
Cullerton K, Vidgen HA, Gallegos D. A review of food literacy interventions targeting disadvantaged young people. Brisbane: Queensland University of Technology, School of Public Health; 2012.
23
Elrick H, Samaras TT, and Demas A Missing links in the obesity epidemic Nutr Res. 2002 22 10 1101 -23
24
Kolasa KM, Peery A, Harris, and Shovelin K Food literacy partners program: a strategy to increase community food literacy Top Clin Nutr. 2001 16 4 1
25
Carbone ET and Zoellner JM Nutrition and health literacy: a systematic review to inform nutrition research and practice J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012 112 2 254 -65
26
Metic W, Rootman I. An inter-sectoral approach for improving health literacy for Canadians: a discussion paper. Public Health Association of BC, Victoria; 2012.
27
Wharf Higgins J and Begoray D Exploring the borderlands between media and health: Conceptualizing ‘critical media health literacy’ J Media Lit Educ. 2012 4 136 -48S
28
Federal/Provincial/Territorial Group on Nutrition. Improving cooking and food preparation skills. Ottawa: Public Health Agency of Canada; 2010.
29
Seed B, Lang T, Caraher M, and Ostry A Integrating food security into public health and provincial government departmens in British Columbia, Canada Agric Human Values. 2012 29 1 -14S
30
Anonymous 2020 Vision Alternatives Journal 2011 37(2) 25 -6
31
Bellotti B Food literacy: Reconnecting the city with the country Agric Sci. 2010 22 29 -34
32
Block L, Childers T, Davis B, Ebert J, Kumanyika L, and van Ginkl-Bieshaar M From nutrients to nurturance: A conceptual introduction to food well-being J Public Pol Mark. 2005 30 5 -13
33
Bublitz M, Peracchio A, Andreasen A, Kees J, Kidwell B, Miller E, et al. The quest for eating right: Advancing food well-being J of Res for Consum. 2011 19 1 -13
34
Murimi M Health literacy, nutrition education and food literacy J Nutr Educ Behav. 2013 45 195
35
Rawl R, Kolasa KM, Lee J, and Whetstone LM A learn and serve nutrition program: The Food Literacy Partners Program J Nutr Educ Behav. 2008 40 1 49 -51
36
Kimura AH Food education as food literacy: privatized and gendered food knowledge in contemporary Japan Agric Human Values 2011 28 4 465 -82
37
Macdiarmid JI, Loe J, Douglas F, Ludbrook A, Comerford C, and McNeill G Developing a timeline for evaluating public health nutrition policy interventions. What are the outcomes and when should we expect to see them? Public Health Nutr. 2011 14 4 729 -39
38
Pendergast D, Garvis S, and Kanasa H Insight from the Public on Home Economics and Formal Food Literacy Fam Consum Sci Res J. 2011 39 4 415 -30
39
Thomas H and Irwin J Cook it up! A community-based cooking program for at-risk yough: Overview of a food literacy intervention BMC Res Notes 2011 4 495
40
Vidgen HA and Gallegos D Food literacy: time for a new term or just another buzzword? J Home Economics Institute of Australia 2010 17 2 2 -8
41
Cardwell VB Literacy: What Level for Food, Land, Natural Resources, and Environment? J Nat Resour Life Sci Educ. 2005 34 112 -7
42
Sumner J Food literacy and adult education: learning to read the world by eating Can J Stud Adult Educ. 2013 25 2 79 -92

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 76Number 3September 2015
Pages: 140 - 145

History

Version of record online: 21 May 2015

Authors

Affiliations

Janelle Hatch RD, MHSc
Wanda Martin RN, PhD
College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
Joan Wharf Higgins PhD
School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC
Rosanna Sheppard RN, BScN
School of Nursing, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Other Metrics

Citations

Cite As

Export Citations

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

1. Development, validity, and reliability assessment of the Canadian Food Literacy Measure
2. Updating the Foodbot Factory serious game with new interactive engaging features and enhanced educational content
3. Applicability of the Socioecological Model for Understanding and Reducing Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods in Canada
4. Grocery Shopping, Dinner Preparation, and Dietary Habits among Adolescents and Young Adults in Canada
5. Gluten-Free Foods in Rural Maritime Provinces: Limited Availability, High Price, and Low Iron Content
6. Participation in School Food and Nutrition Activities among Grade 6–8 Students in Vancouver

View Options

Login options

Check if you access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Subscribe

Click on the button below to subscribe to Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research

Purchase options

Purchase this article to get full access to it.

Restore your content access

Enter your email address to restore your content access:

Note: This functionality works only for purchases done as a guest. If you already have an account, log in to access the content to which you are entitled.

View options

PDF

View PDF

Full Text

View Full Text

Media

Media

Other

Tables

Share Options

Share

Share the article link

Share on social media