Prevalence and Correlates of Food Insecurity among Students Attending a Small, Rural Canadian University

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
15 March 2018

Abstract

Purpose: University students may be at risk for food insecurity (FI) due to low income coupled with rising tuition, housing, and food costs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of FI and potential correlates among students at a small, rural Canadian university.
Methods: Health Canada’s 10-item household food security survey module (HFSSM) was adapted to assess food security status within the postsecondary student population. An additional 11 items measured food access and demographics. The validated, web-based survey was distributed by email and completed by 218 students (15.6% response rate). Participants were classified as food secure, moderately food insecure, or severely food insecure using the HFSSM Adult scale.
Results: An overall FI rate of 37.2% was observed. This included 25.7% moderately food insecure and 11.5% severely food insecure. Students in higher years of study and who lived off campus had higher rates of FI.
Conclusions: FI appears to be a significant concern for university students and has potential health and academic implications. Further research is needed to clarify the determinants and extent of FI for postsecondary students and to develop strategies to mitigate the prevalence and effects of food insecurity in these young adults.

Résumé

Objectif : Des étudiants universitaires pourraient être susceptibles de souffrir d’insécurité alimentaire (IA) en raison de leurs faibles revenus et de l’augmentation des frais de scolarité, des coûts de logement et du coût de l’alimentation. Cette étude visait à déterminer la prévalence d’IA et les corrélations potentielles parmi les étudiants d’une petite université rurale canadienne.
Méthodes : Dix questions du Module d’enquête sur la sécurité alimentaire des ménages (MESAM) de Santé Canada ont été adaptées pour évaluer la situation en matière de sécurité alimentaire de la population d’étudiants de niveau postsecondaire. Onze questions supplémentaires portaient sur l’accès à la nourriture et les données démographiques. Le sondage Web validé a été distribué par courriel et rempli par 218 étudiants (taux de réponse de 15,6 %). Les participants ont été classés à l’aide de l’échelle pour adultes du MESAM selon qu’ils bénéficiaient d’une sécurité alimentaire ou qu’ils étaient en situation modérée ou grave d’IA.
Résultats : Un taux général d’IA de 37,2 % a été observé. Ce taux comprend 25,7 % de participants en situation modérée d’IA et 11,5 % de participants en situation grave d’IA. Les étudiants plus avancés dans leurs études et ceux vivant à l’extérieur du campus avaient des taux d’IA plus élevés.
Conclusions : L’IA semble être une source d’inquiétude considérable pour les étudiants universitaires, et elle a des conséquences potentielles sur la santé et les résultats scolaires. D’autres recherches sont nécessaires pour clarifier les déterminants et l’étendue de l’IA chez les étudiants de niveau postsecondaire, ainsi que pour développer des stratégies visant à atténuer la prévalence et les effets de l’IA chez ces jeunes adultes.

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Financial support: St. Francis Xavier University Research/Publication/Teaching Awards.
Conflicts of interest: On behalf of all authors, there are no conflicts of interest to declare.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 79Number 3September 2018
Pages: 125 - 128

History

Version of record online: 15 March 2018

Authors

Affiliations

Erica Reynolds MHSc, PDt
Department of Human Nutrition, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS
Christine Johnson MSc, PDt
Department of Human Nutrition, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS
Jennifer A. Jamieson PhD
Department of Human Nutrition, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS
Hannah Mawhinney BSc
Department of Human Nutrition, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS

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