How Food Processing Impacts Hyperkalemia and Hyperphosphatemia Management in Chronic Kidney Disease

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
19 February 2020

Abstract

Food processing has a unique impact on patients living with chronic kidney disease who may need to restrict dietary sodium, potassium, and phosphorus intake. Canada is the second largest consumer of processed food in the world. Highly processed foods tend to be more nutrient dense, contain less fibre, and are higher in sodium than unprocessed foods. To reduce the amount of sodium in processed food, Health Canada has encouraged food producers to reduce the sodium in their food. Potassium additives have been identified as an attractive alternative to sodium and their use in food processing is expected to increase. Phosphorus additives have been reported to be present in about 44% of processed foods. Given the changes in the nutrient profiles of processed foods, dietary advice on ways to reduce sodium, potassium, and phosphorus intake may be best achieved by recommending minimally processed food and encouraging unprocessed foods more often.

Résumé

La transformation des aliments a un impact unique sur les patients vivant avec une maladie du rein chronique, qui peuvent devoir restreindre leur apport en sodium alimentaire, en potassium et en phosphore. Le Canada se classe au deuxième rang au monde en ce qui a trait à la consommation d’aliments transformés. Les aliments hautement transformés tendent à être plus riches en nutriments et à contenir moins de fibres, et ont une teneur plus élevée en sodium que les aliments non transformés. Pour réduire la quantité de sodium dans les aliments transformés, Santé Canada a encouragé les producteurs d’aliments à réduire le sodium dans leurs aliments. Les additifs à base de potassium seraient une option de rechange intéressante au sodium et leur utilisation dans la transformation des aliments devrait augmenter. Les additifs à base de phosphore seraient présents dans environ 44 % des aliments transformés. Étant donné les changements au profil nutritionnel des aliments transformés, il serait plus efficace que les conseils nutritionnels sur les manières de réduire l’apport en sodium, en potassium et en phosphore recommandent de réduire la consommation d’aliments transformés et encouragent la consommation accrue d’aliments non transformés.

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Financial support: There was no financial support for the creation of this manuscript. Outside the submitted work, CR also reports grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), and Dairy Farmers of Canada (DFC). DRM is currently funded from the CIHR, Kidney Foundation of Canada, and several other grants. None are relevant to this paper submission.
Conflicts of interest: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 81Number 3September 2020
Pages: 132 - 136

History

Version of record online: 19 February 2020

Authors

Affiliations

Kelly Picard RD, BSc
Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
Nutrition Services, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB
Diana Mager RD, PhD
Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
Caroline Richard RD, PhD
Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB

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