Defining Malnutrition Risk For Older Home Care Clients

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
14 November 2008

Abstract

Purpose: The Resident Assessment Instrument–Home Care (RAI-HC) is widely used to assess needs of home care clients and includes five items used to screen for malnutrition. This study involved defining malnutrition risk and identifying other items within the RAI-HC that might improve malnutrition screening among adults aged 65 or older receiving home care.
Methods: A literature review, three focus groups of community care access centre case managers (n=29), and five key informant interviews with registered dietitians were used to identify malnutrition risk factors and indicators. A nominal group (n=5) was used to rank RAI-HC malnutrition risk items. Data were charted and integrated to create the final list of potential risk factors.
Results: Seven malnutrition indicators (dietary intake, appetite, dysphagia, nutrition support, end-stage disease, weight status, and fluid intake) and seven risk factors (health status, functional ability, self-reported poor health, mood status, social function, cognitive performance, and trade-offs) were considered important concepts in the construct of malnutrition for older home care clients.
Conclusions: These items identified through divergent methods form the basis for developing a screening-formalnutrition-risk tool for home care.

Résumé

Objectif: La Méthode d’évaluation du résident – Soins à domicile (MER-SD) est largement utilisée pour évaluer les besoins des clients de soins à domicile. Elle comprend cinq items servant à dépister la malnutrition. Cette étude portait sur la définition du risque de malnutrition et le repérage d'autres items inclus dans la MER-SD qui pourraient améliorer le dépistage de la malnutrition chez les adultes de 65 ans et plus bénéficiant de soins à domicile.
Méthodes: Une revue des travaux publiés, trois groupes de discussion formés de gestionnaires de cas de centres d'accès aux soins communautaires (n=29) et cinq entrevues auprès d'informateurs clés menées par des diététistes professionnelles ont été utilisés pour dépister les facteurs et indicateurs de risque de malnutrition. Un groupe nominal (n=5) a rangé les items de la MER-SD portant sur le risque de malnutrition. Les données ont été mises en graphique et intégrées pour créer la liste finale des facteurs de risque potentiels.
Résultats: Sept indicateurs de malnutrition (apport alimentaire, appétit, dysphagie, soutien nutritionnel, maladie en phase terminale, poids et apport en liquides) et sept facteurs de risque (état de santé, capacité fonctionnelle, mauvaise santé autodéclarée, état d'esprit, fonction sociale, performance cognitive et compromis) ont été considérés comme d'importants concepts dans la construction de la malnutrition chez les bénéficiaires âgés de soins à domicile.
Conclusions: Ces items répertoriés par différentes méthodes forment la base de l’élaboration d'un outil de dépistage du risque de malnutrition dans un contexte de soins à domicile.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 69Number 4December 2008
Pages: 171 - 176

History

Version of record online: 14 November 2008

Authors

Affiliations

Mary Ann Bocock, PhD, RD
Department of Family Relations and Applied Human Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON
Heather H. Keller, PhD, RD, FDC
Department of Family Relations and Applied Human Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON
Paula M. Brauer, PhD, RD
Department of Family Relations and Applied Human Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON

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