Micronutrients on the Menu: Enhancing the Quality of Food in Long-term Care for Regular, Nontherapeutic Menus

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
17 February 2015

Abstract

Micronutrient (vitamin and mineral) deficiencies may exacerbate prevalent health conditions occurring in long-term care (LTC) residents, and current food provision may potentiate this problem. A micronutrient-focused, food-first approach to menu planning may address this gap by emphasizing nutrient-dense foods. The objectives were to determine if: (i) selected LTC menus met micronutrient and Canada's Food Guide (CFG) recommendations, and (ii) recommendations can be met through food alone with strategic menu planning. Regular, nontherapeutic menus (week 1, all meals) from diverse LTC homes (n = 5) across Canada were analyzed for micronutrient content using Food Processor and CFG servings. Site dietitians confirmed menu analyses. Five super-menus were created and analyzed for comparison. The nutrient content of the menus varied significantly across homes. Micronutrients of greatest concern were (mean ± SD) vitamin D (8.90 ± 5.29 µg/d) and vitamin E (5.13 ± 1.74 mg/d). Folate, magnesium, and potassium were also below recommendations. Super-menus of equal food volume met recommendations for all micronutrients except vitamin D (56%), vitamin E (84%), and potassium (85%). Meeting most micronutrient recommendations is possible with creative and deliberate menu planning. Knowledge translation of best practices is needed.

Résumé

Les carences en oligo-éléments (vitamines et minéraux) pourraient exacerber les maladies courantes qui touchent les résidents des établissements de soins de longue durée (SLD), et l'offre alimentaire actuelle pourrait faire en sorte d'aggraver ce problème. Une approche de planification des menus axée sur les oligo-éléments et la primauté de l'alimentation pourrait combler cette lacune en mettant l'accent sur des aliments riches en nutriments. Les objectifs consistaient à déterminer si : (i) les menus des établissements de SLD respectaient les besoins en oligo-éléments et les recommandations du Guide alimentaire canadien (GAC), et (ii) si les recommandations pouvaient être respectées par l'alimentation à elle seule grâce à une planification stratégique des menus. Les menus non thérapeutiques ordinaires (semaine 1, tous les repas) de différents établissements de SLD (n = 5) de partout au Canada ont été analysés afin d'en mesurer la teneur nutritive à l'aide d'un robot culinaire et des portions du GAC. Les diététistes sur place ont confirmé l'analyse des menus. Par ailleurs, 5 super menus ont été créés et analysés à des fins de comparaison. La teneur nutritive des menus variait de façon significative d'un établissement à l'autre. Les oligo-éléments qui suscitaient le plus d'inquiétude étaient (moyenne ± écart-type) la vitamine D (8,90 ± 5,29 µg/jour) et la vitamine E (5,13 ± 1,74 mg/jour). L'apport en acide folique, en magnésium et en potassium était également inférieur à l'apport recommandé. Les super menus qui présentaient le même volume d'aliments satisfaisaient les recommandations pour tous les oligo-éléments, à l'exception de la vitamine D (56 %), de la vitamine E (84 %) et du potassium (85 %). Il est possible de suivre la plupart des recommandations en matière d'oligo-éléments grâce à la planification créative et réfléchie de menus. À cet égard, un transfert des connaissances relativement aux meilleures pratiques est nécessaire.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 76Number 2June 2015
Pages: 86 - 92

History

Version of record online: 17 February 2015

Authors

Affiliations

Ivy T. Lam RD, MSc
Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON
Heather H. Keller RD, PhD, FDC
Professor and Schlegel Research Chair, Nutrition and Aging, Schlegel-University of Waterloo, Research Institute for Aging and Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON
Lisa Duizer PhD
Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON
Ken Stark PhD
Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON

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1. Planning Micronutrient-Dense Menus in Ontario Long-Term Care Homes: Strategies and Challenges

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