Comprehensive Nutrition Interventions in First Nation-Operated Schools in Canada

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
11 January 2022

Abstract

Comprehensive school-based nutrition interventions offer a promising strategy to support healthy eating for First Nations children. A targeted strategic review was performed to identify nutrition interventions in 514 First Nation-operated schools across Canada through their websites. Directed content analysis was used to describe if interventions used 1 or more of the 4 components of the Comprehensive School Health (CSH) framework. Sixty schools had interventions. Nearly all (n = 56, 93%) schools offered breakfast, snack, and (or) lunch programs (social and physical environment). About one-third provided opportunities for students to learn about traditional healthy Indigenous foods and food procurement methods (n = 18, 30%) (teaching and learning) or facilitated connections between the school and students’ families or the community (n = 16, 27%) (partnerships and services). Few schools (n = 10, 17%) had a nutrition policy outlining permitted foods (school policy). Less than 1% (n = 3) of interventions included all 4 CSH components. Results suggest that most First Nation-operated schools provide children with food, but few have nutrition interventions that include multiple CSH components. First Nation-operated schools may require additional financial and (or) logistical support to implement comprehensive school-based nutrition interventions, which have greater potential to support long-term health outcomes for children than single approaches.

Résumé

Les interventions globales en matière de nutrition en milieu scolaire constituent une stratégie prometteuse pour favoriser une saine alimentation chez les enfants des Premières Nations. Un examen stratégique ciblé a été effectué afin d’identifier les interventions nutritionnelles en cours dans 514 écoles gérées par les Premières Nations au Canada en examinant leur site Web. Une analyse de contenu dirigée a servi à déterminer si les interventions intégraient 1 ou plusieurs des 4 composantes du cadre de l’Approche globale de la santé en milieu scolaire (AGSS). Soixante écoles avaient des interventions. Presque toutes (n = 56, 93 %) offraient des programmes de déjeuner, de collation ou de dîner (milieu social et physique). Environ un tiers d’entre elles offraient aux élèves la possibilité d’en apprendre plus sur des aliments traditionnels autochtones sains et des méthodes d’approvisionnement alimentaire (n = 18, 30 %) (enseignement et apprentissage) ou facilitaient les rapports entre l’école et les familles des élèves ou la communauté (n = 16, 27 %) (partenariats et services). Peu d’écoles (n = 10, 17 %) disposaient d’une politique de nutrition décrivant les aliments autorisés (politique d’écoles en santé). Moins de 1 % (n = 3) des interventions comprenaient les 4 composantes de l’AGSS. Les résultats suggèrent que la plupart des écoles gérées par les Premières Nations offrent des aliments aux enfants, mais que peu d’entre elles ont des interventions nutritionnelles qui englobent plus d’une composante de l’AGSS. Les écoles gérées par les Premières Nations pourraient avoir besoin d’un soutien financier ou logistique supplémentaire pour mettre en œuvre des interventions nutritionnelles globales en milieu scolaire qui auront un plus grand potentiel, par rapport aux approches uniques, d’améliorer la santé à long terme des enfants.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 83Number 3September 2022
Pages: 128 - 132
Editor: Naomi Cahill

History

Version of record online: 11 January 2022

Key Words

  1. Indigenous
  2. First Nations
  3. school
  4. nutrition
  5. intervention
  6. review

Mots-clés

  1. Autochtones
  2. Premières Nations
  3. école
  4. nutrition
  5. intervention
  6. revue

Authors

Affiliations

Christina Gillies PhD
Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Rosanne Blanchet PhD, RD
Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
Rebecca Gokiert PhD, RPsych
School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
Anna Farmer PhD, RD
Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
Noreen D. Willows PhD
Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB

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