Improving Malnutrition Screening among Hemodialysis Patients

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
10 July 2024

Abstract

Individuals receiving hemodialysis are at increased risk of malnutrition; however, regular diagnosis of malnutrition using subjective global assessment (SGA) is time-consuming. This study aimed to determine whether the Canadian Nutrition Screening Tool (CNST) or the Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index (GNRI) screening tools could accurately identify hemodialysis patients at risk for malnutrition. A retrospective medical chart review was conducted for in-centre day shift hemodialysis patients (n = 95) to obtain the results of the SGA assessment and the CNST screener and to calculate the GNRI score. Sensitivity and specificity analyses showed only a fair agreement between the SGA and CNST (sensitivity = 20%; specificity 96%; κ = .210 (95% CI, -0.015 to .435), p < .05) and between the SGA and GNRI (sensitivity = 35%; specificity = 88%; κ = .248 (95% CI, .017 to .479), p < .05). There was no significant statistical difference between the accuracy of either tool in identifying patients at risk of malnutrition (p = .50). The CNST and GNRI do not accurately screen for risk of malnutrition in the hemodialysis population; therefore, further studies are needed to determine an effective malnutrition screening tool in this population.

Résumé

Les personnes hémodialysées présentent un risque plus élevé de malnutrition; cependant, le diagnostic standard de malnutrition réalisé au moyen de l’évaluation globale subjective (EGS) prend beaucoup de temps. Cette étude visait à déterminer si deux outils de dépistage, à savoir l’Outil canadien de dépistage nutritionnel (OCDN) et l’Indice de risque nutritionnel gériatrique (IRNG), pouvaient identifier avec précision les patients hémodialysés à risque de malnutrition. Un examen rétrospectif des dossiers médicaux a été effectué pour des patients hémodialysés en centre pendant le quart de jour (n = 95) afin d’obtenir les résultats de l’EGS et de l’OCDN, et de calculer le score de l’IRNG. Les analyses de sensibilité et de spécificité n’ont montré qu’une concordance passable entre l’EGS et l’OCDN (sensibilité = 20 %; spécificité = 96 %; κ = 0,210 [IC à 95 %, -0,015 à 0,435], p < 0,05) et entre l’ESG et l’IRNG (sensibilité = 35 %; spécificité = 88 %; κ = 0,248 [IC à 95 %, 0,017 à 0,479], p < 0,05). Il n’y avait pas de différence statistique significative entre la précision de l’un ou l’autre des outils pour l’identification des patients à risque de malnutrition (p = 0,50). L’OCDN et l’IRNG ne permettent pas de dépister avec précision le risque de malnutrition chez la population hémodialysée. D’autres études sont donc nécessaires pour identifier un outil efficace de dépistage de la malnutrition au sein de cette population.

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Support and financial disclosure: The authors declare no specific funding for this work.
Competing interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests.
Ethics approval: The study protocol was approved by the Unity Health Toronto Research Ethics Board and informed consent was waived.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 85Number 3September 2024
Pages: 157 - 160
Editor: Naomi Cahill

History

Version of record online: 10 July 2024

Key Words

  1. malnutrition
  2. nutrition screening
  3. nutritional assessment
  4. nutritional risk
  5. Subjective Global Assessment
  6. Hemodialysis

Mots-clés

  1. malnutrition
  2. dépistage nutritionnel
  3. évaluation nutritionnelle
  4. risque nutritionnel
  5. évaluation globale subjective
  6. hémodialyse

Authors

Affiliations

Arti Sharma Parpia MSc
St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON
Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON
Teresa J. Valenzano PhD
Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON
Interprofessional Practice Based Research, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON
Health Disciplines Practice & Education, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON
Rachael Bosma PhD
Interprofessional Practice Based Research, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON
Brianna Bavota BASc
St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON
Gabrielle Deveaux BASc
St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON
Ron Wald MDCM MPH FRCPC
St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON
Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON
Kimberley Bradley PhD
Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON
Health Disciplines Practice & Education, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON

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