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| [Paper Type: Communication] AND [Author: Buchholz, Andrea C PhD RD] (3) | 14 Mar 2025 |
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- Holly-Anne Scott BASc,
- Michelle Marcinow MSc, PhD(C),
- Rachel Hicks BASc, and
- Andrea C. Buchholz PhD, RD
Purpose: To explore the role of breakfast cereal consumption on the relationships among BMI, percent fat mass (%FM), and body esteem in young adults.Methods: Weight, height, and %FM (by air displacement plethysmography) were measured in 29 males (aged 25.1 ± 4.0 years) and 28 females (aged 24.6 ± 4.0 years). Body esteem was measured using the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA). Three-day food records classified participants as breakfast cereal consumers (n = 27, any amount of ready-to-eat or cooked cereal consumed at breakfast) versus nonconsumers (n = 30, no cereal consumed at breakfast).Results: The %FM was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) inversely correlated with weight esteem (r = −0.769), appearance esteem (r = −0.723), and external attribution (r = −0.620) in female noncereal consumers. BMI was similarly correlated with BESAA scores. These relationships were not significant in female cereal consumers (all r < 0.426), despite no difference in confounding variables between female cereal consumers and nonconsumers. Neither BMI nor %FM were correlated with measures of body esteem (all r < 0.466, NS) in either male cereal consumers or nonconsumers.Conclusions: Breakfast cereal consumption may moderate the relationship among BMI, %FM, and body esteem in young adult women and may be useful for improving body esteem without focusing on weight loss.- Kelly M. Matheson MSc, RD,
- Jennifer E. Cutting MSc,
- Vera C. Mazurak PhD,
- Lindsay E. Robinson PhD, and
- Andrea C. Buchholz PhD, RD
Purpose: Effects on energy metabolism of a test meal and a two-week dietary intervention were observed in men with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Both the meal and the intervention included foods containing fish-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fats (PUFA). Methods: Six men with MetS (46.7 ± 12.1 years, 37.2 ± 5.6 kg/m2, mean ± standard deviation) completed two test days, separated by a 14-day dietary intervention during which they consumed at least 2.0 g per day of n-3 PUFA from supplied foods. Pre- and post-intervention measurements included body composition, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and the thermic effect of food (TEF) measured for six hours after ingestion of a test meal consisting of 1.43 g of fish-derived n-3 PUFA. Results: Intakes of n-3 PUFA increased over the 14-day intervention, from 0.43 g per day ± 0.48 to 2.92 g per day ± 1.97 (p=0.013), while no changes were observed in total energy intakes, weight, body composition, or RMR (all p>0.05). The TEF increased by 51.3% (p=0.036), and the non-protein respiratory quotient decreased by 36.0% (p=0.700). Conclusions: Subjects increased their intake of fish-derived n-3 PUFA in an isocaloric manner while maintaining body weight and composition, and increased the TEF. More studies with larger sample sizes and longer intervention periods are required to confirm the use of fish-derived n-3 PUFA as a therapeutic dietary strategy for people with MetS.- Purpose: Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and air displacement plethysmography (ADP) are commonly used to assess body composition. Accurate body fat measures are valuable in a variety of populations. Because DXA, the reference standard, is expensive and labour-intensive, determining whether these two methods are interchangeable is important. Methods: Forty-five female undergraduate students aged 21 to 33 with body mass indexes of 18.3 to 28.6 kg/m2 were recruited from the University of Guelph. Each participant underwent one full-body DXA scan and one ADP assessment, to determine total percent fat mass (%FM). Results: The Pearson's correlation between %FMDXA (27.1 ± 4.8) and %FMADP (26.1 ± 5.5) indicated good association (r=0.88, p<0.01). While Bland–Altman analysis revealed no systematic bias between the two methods (R2=0.07, p=0.08), large intraindividual variation occurred (95% confidence interval: -5.86% to 4.11%); this was related to height, weight, body-surface area, and lung volume. Conclusions: The two methods were significantly correlated. Mean %FM was not significantly different and no systematic bias between methods was observed. These findings indicate that ADP and DXA may be used interchangeably for determining %FM at the group level in healthy young women; a large intraindividual variation between the methods precludes interchangeability at the individual level.
