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- Haines, Jess PhD RD4
- Buchholz, Andrea C PhD RD3
- MA, David W L PhD3
- Darlington, Gerarda PhD2
- Caroll, Nicholas BASc1
- Duizer, Lisa M PhD1
- Fisberg, Regina Mara PhD RD1
- Hogan, Jaimie L BASc MSc1
- Jewell, Kira MSc1
- Keller, Heather H PhD RD1
- Leme, Ana Carolina PhD RD1
- Lewis, Rebecca MSc RD1
- Ma, David W L PhD1
- Mahajan, Anisha PhD RD1
- Mirotta, Julia A BASc MSc1
- Morrison, Jill M MSc1
- Muszynski, Dabrowka MSc RD1
- Newton, Genevieve PhD DC1
- On Behalf Of The Guelph Family Health Study1
- Sheremeta, Justin MSc1
- Smith, Erin K BSc1
- Steele, Catriona M PhD1
- Vucea, Vanessa MSc1
- Yu, Jessica BASc1
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- OPEN ACCESS
- Anisha Mahajan PhD, RD,
- Alison M. Duncan PhD, RD,
- Gerarda Darlington PhD,
- Jess Haines PhD, RD,
- David W.L. MA PhD,
- Andrea C. Buchholz PhD, RD, and
- On behalf of the Guelph Family Health Study
Purpose: Our understanding of the influence of sugar intake on anthropometrics among young children is limited. Most existing research is cross-sectional and has focused on sugar-sweetened beverages. The study objective was to investigate longitudinal associations between young children’s total, free, and added sugar intake from all food sources at baseline with anthropometric measures at baseline and 18 months.Methods: The Guelph Family Health Study (GFHS) is an ongoing randomized controlled trial and a family-based health promotion study. Food records and anthropometric data were collected at baseline (n = 109, 55 males; 3.7 ± 1.1 y, mean ± SD) and 18 months (n = 109, 55 males; 5.1 ± 1.1 y) of the GFHS pilots. Associations between sugar intakes and anthropometrics were estimated using linear regression models with generalized estimating equations adjusted for age, sex, household income, and intervention status.Results: Total sugar intake was inversely associated with body weight at 18 months (P = 0.01). There was no effect of time on any other associations between total, free, and added sugar intakes and anthropometrics.Conclusions: Early life dietary sugar intakes may not relate to anthropometric measures in the short term. Further investigation into potential associations between dietary sugar intakes and anthropometric variables over longer time periods is warranted. - Erin K. Smith BSc,
- Rebecca Lewis MSc, RD,
- Andrea C. Buchholz PhD, RD,
- Jess Haines PhD, RD,
- David W. L. Ma PhD, and
- Alison M. Duncan PhD, RD
Purpose: To investigate the breakfast quality of preschool-aged children through a comparison of their energy and nutrient intakes at breakfast to published benchmarks for a balanced breakfast.Methods: Dietary data were collected for 163 children aged 3–5 years enrolled in the Guelph Family Health Study using one parent-reported online 24-hour recall and analyzed for energy and nutrient intakes. Breakfast quality was assessed by tallying the frequency of participants whose nutrient and energy intakes at their breakfast meal met the recommendations for a balanced breakfast established by the International Breakfast Research Initiative (IRBI).Results: Almost all participants (98%) consumed breakfast, and most participants (82.5%) met the energy IRBI recommendation. However, the majority of participants did not meet the IRBI recommendations for breakfast intakes of most macronutrients and micronutrients. In particular, fewer than 25% of participants met the IRBI recommendations for breakfast intakes of dietary fibre, niacin, folate, vitamin C, calcium, potassium and zinc.Conclusions: Almost all preschool-aged children in this study consumed breakfast, but the nutritional quality of their breakfast did not meet recommendations for most nutrients. These results can inform nutrition education and intervention programs for children that aim to improve the nutritional quality of breakfast.- Justin Sheremeta MSc,
- David W.L. MA PhD,
- Jess Haines PhD, RD,
- Alison M. Duncan PhD, RD,
- Gerarda Darlington PhD,
- Genevieve Newton PhD, DC,
- Andrea C. Buchholz PhD, RD, and
- on Behalf of the Guelph Family Health Study
Purpose: To determine if intake (servings/day) of total dairy and/or dairy subtypes (milk, cheese, and yogurt) were associated with biomarkers related to dyslipidemia, insulin sensitivity and inflammation in a sample of cardio-metabolically healthy young children from the Guelph Family Health Study at the University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.Methods: Baseline data from 42 children (aged 2.0–6.2 years) from 33 families who provided a dietary assessment and a fasted blood sample were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Linear and logistic regressions using generalized estimating equations were used for analysis and models were adjusted for age, gender, and household income.Results: In total, 42 children (3.74 ± 1.23 years old; mean (± SD)) consumed median (25th percentile, 75th percentile) servings/day of 1.70 (1.16, 2.81) for total dairy, 0.74 (0.50, 1.70) for milk, 0.63 (0.00, 1.16) for cheese, and 0.00 (0.00, 0.38) for yogurt. Cheese intake was significantly inversely associated with LDL cholesterol (−0.16 (95% CI: −0.29, −0.03) mmol/L per serving; P = 0.02)). No other associations between dairy intake and biomarkers were significant.Conclusions: Cheese intake was inversely associated with LDL cholesterol in this preliminary study of cardio-metabolically healthy young children, thereby warranting further research on dairy intake and cardiometabolic risk factors.- Ana Carolina Leme PhD, RD,
- Dabrowka Muszynski MSc, RD,
- Julia A. Mirotta BASc, MSc,
- Nicholas Caroll BASc,
- Jaimie L. Hogan BASc, MSc,
- Kira Jewell MSc,
- Jessica Yu BASc,
- Regina Mara Fisberg PhD, RD,
- Alison M. Duncan PhD, RD,
- David W.L. MA PhD,
- Jess Haines PhD, RD, and
- On behalf of the Guelph Family Health Study
Purpose: To examine associations between preschoolers’ diet quality and parent and child socio-demographic variables.Methods: Cross-sectional analysis with 117 preschoolers. Parents reported socio-demographics and their children’s diet using 3-day food records. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015. Linear regression models were used to analyze associations between socio-demographics and HEI scores.Results: A total of 86% of children had an HEI-2015 score in the “needs improvement” category (51–80 out of a maximum of 100). Children’s overall HEI-2015 score was inversely associated with children’s age (β = −0.19, 95% CI −0.37, −0.02). Parental education was positively associated with children’s overall HEI score (β = 9.58, 95% CI 3.81, 15.35) and with scores for total fruit (β = 1.00, 95% CI 0.39, 1.76), vegetables (β = 1.11, 95% CI 0.03, 2.18), total protein (β = 1.06, 95% CI 0.28, 1.84), and seafood/plant protein (β = 1.67, 95% CI 0.43, 2.89) components. Children who identified as Caucasian (β = 4.29, 95% CI 2.46, 6.14), had a Caucasian parent (β = 3.01, 95% CI 0.78, 5.25), or parents who were born in Canada (β = 2.32, 95% CI 0.53, 4.11) had higher scores for dairy.Conclusion: Our results suggest that preschoolers’ diet quality needs improvement and that children’s diet quality varies by children’s age and parental education level.- Vanessa Vucea MSc,
- Heather H. Keller PhD, RD,
- Jill M. Morrison MSc,
- Lisa M. Duizer PhD,
- Alison M. Duncan PhD, RD, and
- Catriona M. Steele PhD
Purpose: To describe the prevalence and characteristics of modified-texture food (MTF) consumers when applying standard diet terminology.Methods: Making the Most of Mealtimes (M3) is a cross-sectional multi-site study including 32 long-term care (LTC) homes located in 4 Canadian provinces. Resident characteristics were collected from health records using a defined protocol and extraction form. Since homes used 67 different terms to describe MTFs, diets were recategorized using the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative Framework as a basis for classification.Results: MTFs were prescribed to 47% (n = 298) of participants (n = 639) and prevalence significantly differed among provinces (P < 0.0001). Various resident characteristics were significantly associated with use of MTFs: dysphagia and malnutrition risk, dementia diagnosis, prescription of oral nutritional supplements; lower body weight and calf circumference; greater need for physical assistance with eating; poor oral health status; and dependence in all activities of daily living.Conclusions: This is the first study that used a diverse sample of LTC residents to determine prevalence of MTF use and described consumers. The prevalence of prescribed MTFs was high and diverse across provinces in Canada. Residents prescribed MTFs were more vulnerable than residents on regular texture diets. These findings add value to our understanding of MTF consumers.
