Nutritional Status and Body Composition of Adult Patients with Brain Tumours Awaiting Surgical Resection

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
15 August 2014

Abstract

Purpose: To measure the prevalence of malnutrition, risk factors for poor dietary intake and body composition in patients with brain tumours admitted to hospital for surgical resection.
Methods: In this study, 316 patients admitted for brain tumour resection to the Neurosurgical service at St. Michael's Hospital were screened. Assessment tools included the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) for nutritional status and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) for body composition. All measurements were performed by one research dietitian. Information regarding medical history, symptomology, and tumour pathology was recorded.
Results: One hundred and nine participants were recruited. Malnutrition was present in 17.6% of patients, of whom 94.7% were moderately malnourished (SGA-B) and 5.3% severely malnourished (SGA-C). Key symptoms contributing to malnutrition included weight loss, nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, headaches, and fatigue. Patients with malignant tumors were more likely to have weight loss and lower fat mass.
Conclusions: This study demonstrated that patients admitted for brain tumour resection have a low prevalence of malnutrition compared with other cancer populations. Useful parameters for nutritional screening of inpatient admissions include weight loss >5% of usual weight, nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, and headaches.

Résumé

Objectif. Mesurer la prévalence des facteurs de risque de malnutrition relatifs à un apport alimentaire et à une composition corporelle inappropriés chez les patients ayant une tumeur cérébrale et étant admis à l'hôpital pour une résection chirurgicale.
Méthodes. Dans cette étude, 316 patients admis au service de neurochirurgie du St. Michael's Hospital pour la résection d'une tumeur au cerveau ont été examinés. Les outils d’évaluation comprenaient l’évaluation globale subjective (SGA) de l’état nutritionnel et l'analyse de l'impédance bioélectrique (BIA) de la composition corporelle. L'ensemble des mesures a été effectué par une diététiste-chercheuse. Des renseignements concernant les antécédents médicaux, la symptomatologie et la pathologie tumorale des patients ont été consignés.
Résultats. Cent neuf participants ont été recrutés. La malnutrition était présente chez 17,6 % des patients, parmi lesquels 94,7 % étaient modérément dénutris (SGA-B) et 5,3 % étaient gravement dénutris (SGA-C). Les principaux symptômes qui contribuaient à la malnutrition incluaient la perte de poids, les nausées, les vomissements, la dysphagie, les maux de tête et la fatigue. Les patients aux prises avec une tumeur maligne étaient plus susceptibles d'avoir perdu du poids et de présenter une plus faible masse adipeuse.
Conclusions. Cette étude a permis de démontrer que les patients admis pour la résection d'une tumeur cérébrale ont une faible prévalence de malnutrition, comparativement à d'autres groupes de personnes atteintes de cancer. Les paramètres utiles pour le dépistage nutritionnel lors de l'admission à l'hôpital comprennent une perte > 5 % du poids normal, les nausées, la dysphagie et les maux de tête.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 75Number 03September 2014
Pages: 148 - 151

History

Version of record online: 15 August 2014

Authors

Affiliations

Michele McCall, RD, MSc
Critical Care Dietitian, Specialized Complex Care Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.
Ashley Leone, RD, MSc
Clinical Dietitian, Inner City Health Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.
Michael D. Cusimano, MD, MHPE, FRCSC, PhD, FACS
Department of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.

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