Food Literacy: Definition and Framework for Action

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
21 May 2015

Abstract

The term food literacy is emergent, and as a result the literature reflects a great variety of definitions. Simultaneously, new research and food literacy programming is being developed without an agreed upon definition of what food literacy is and how food skills, food security, and health literacy may fit with the definition. We undertook a scoping review and conceptual analysis to identify how the term is understood and to determine shared components of definitions. We found that although most definitions included a nutrition and food skills component, there was great variation in how the ability to access, process, and enjoy food was affected by our complex food system. We propose a definition of food literacy that includes the positive relationship built through social, cultural, and environmental experiences with food enabling people to make decisions that support health. We offer a framework that situates food literacy at the intersection between community food security and food skills, and we assert that behaviours and skills cannot be separated from their environmental or social context. The proposed definition and framework are intended to be guiding templates for academics and practitioners to position their work in education and advocacy, bringing together separate spheres for collective action.

Résumé

Puisqu'il est émergent, le terme « littératie alimentaire » fait l'objet d'une grande variété de définitions dans la documentation. Simultanément, de nouvelles recherches et de nouveaux programmes axés sur la littératie alimentaire sont mis au point sans qu'aient été établies une définition consensuelle de ce qu'elle représente et la manière elle est associée aux compétences alimentaires, à la sécurité alimentaire et à la littératie en santé. Afin de déterminer comment le terme est compris et de définir les éléments de définition communs, nous avons effectué un examen de la portée et une analyse conceptuelle. Nous avons établi que bien que presque toutes les définitions comprennent une notion de compétences en nutrition et en alimentation, il existe une grande variation dans la manière dont la capacité à accéder aux aliments, à les transformer et à les apprécier était influencée par notre système alimentaire complexe. Nous proposons une définition de la littératie alimentaire intégrant une relation positive avec les aliments, établie à partir d'expériences sociales, culturelles et environnementales, et permettant aux gens de prendre des décisions qui favorisent la santé. Nous offrons un cadre qui situe la littératie alimentaire à l'intersection entre la sécurité alimentaire et les compétences alimentaires d'une communauté, et nous affirmons que les comportements et compétences ne peuvent être dissociés de leur contexte environnemental ou social. La définition et le cadre proposés sont destinés à servir de modèle directeur pour les universitaires et cliniciens, qui pourront mieux positionner leurs travaux en formation et sensibilisation, réunissant ainsi différentes sphères pour une action collective.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 76Number 3September 2015
Pages: 140 - 145

History

Version of record online: 21 May 2015

Authors

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Janelle Hatch RD, MHSc
Wanda Martin RN, PhD
College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
Joan Wharf Higgins PhD
School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC
Rosanna Sheppard RN, BScN
School of Nursing, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC

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