The Nature of Competition in Dietetics Education: A Narrative Review

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
23 March 2017

Abstract

The impact on student development associated with being part of a competitive program is an emerging finding in dietetics research. As such, a narrative review of relevant literature was conducted pertaining to competition in post-secondary programs and the educational experience of students with respect to developing a career in dietetics. The review was guided by 2 questions: How is competition experienced by students? What strategies can reduce competition among dietetics students within the educational experience? A refined literature screening process justified including 32 articles in the review. The overall review findings suggested that, across dietetics programs, the outcomes of competition negatively impacted students’ personal identity, motivation in the learning process, and involvement behaviours, including collaboration among students, participation in academic opportunities, and student relationships with faculty. The implementation of strategies conducive to addressing the effects of excessive competition and building a supportive academic environment, for example increasing collegiality and engaging students in intrinsic learning, are important for continued growth of the dietetics profession. Educators can reflect on the complex nature of competition and how the effects of excessive competition may be in opposition with the competencies that students are expected to develop as professionals.

Résumé

L’effet de la participation des étudiants à un programme compétitif sur leur développement est un sujet de recherche émergent en diététique. C’est pourquoi une revue narrative de la littérature pertinente a été menée concernant l’existence de compétition dans les programmes postsecondaires et l’expérience éducative d’étudiants dans le contexte du développement d’une carrière en diététique. Deux questions ont orienté cette revue : Comment les étudiants vivent-ils la compétition? Quelles stratégies peuvent réduire le niveau de compétition entre les étudiants en diététique en contexte d’expérience éducative? Un processus détaillé de sélection de la littérature a permis de justifier l’inclusion de 32 articles à la revue. Les résultats suggèrent que, dans tous les programmes de diététique, la compétition nuisait à l’identité personnelle des étudiants, à leur motivation lors du processus d’apprentissage, ainsi qu’à leurs comportements liés à l'implication, notamment la collaboration entre étudiants, la participation aux activités scolaires, et la relation avec le corps professoral. La mise en œuvre de stratégies propices à l’atténuation des effets d’une compétition démesurée et à la création d’un environnement scolaire favorable, par exemple favoriser la collégialité et inciter les étudiants à apprendre par plaisir, est primordiale à l’essor de la profession de diététiste. Les éducateurs pourraient se pencher sur la complexité inhérente à la compétition et sur la manière dont ses effets, lorsqu’elle est démesurée, pourraient aller à l’encontre des compétences que les étudiants doivent développer en tant que futurs professionnels.

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Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 78Number 3September 2017
Pages: 129 - 136

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Version of record online: 23 March 2017

Authors

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Jillian Ruhl MAHN
Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS
Daphne Lordly DEd, MA, PDt
Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS

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1. An Exploration of Dietetic Students’ Experiences in a Noncourse-based Service-Learning Opportunity in a Canadian Academic Setting
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3. Participating in Faculty-Supervised Extracurricular Experiential Learning Activities Contributes to Dietetic Competency Development

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