Nutrition Care of Critically Ill Patients with Leukemia: A Retrospective Study

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
15 November 2018

Abstract

Adults with acute leukemia (AL) are at high risk of malnutrition due to their disease and treatment side effects and may be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), further increasing the risk of malnutrition. Although ICU care includes some form of nutrition, patients typically receive less than prescribed energy and protein. Our objective was to characterize the nutrition care for critically ill patients with AL. We completed a retrospective review of adults with AL admitted to the Medical/Surgical ICU >24 hours. Descriptive statistics were performed on collected data including: demographics, APACHE II and Nutric scores, nutrition therapy, reasons for withholding nutrition, and mortality status at discharge. Data were collected on 154 AL patients with an average APACHE II score of 27 and Nutric score of 5.96. ICU mortality was 36%. Enteral nutrition (EN) was most commonly prescribed. Patients on EN received 55% of energy and 51% of protein prescribed. EN was commonly withheld for airway management and gastrointestinal impairment. Patients with AL received low amounts of energy and protein in the ICU and had a high Nutric score. Strategies and barriers to improve protein intake in this population are identified.

Résumé

Les adultes atteints de leucémie aiguë (LA) présentent un risque élevé de malnutrition en raison de leur maladie et des effets secondaires des traitements, et doivent parfois être admis dans une unité de soins intensifs (USI), ce qui augmente davantage le risque de malnutrition. Bien que les soins offerts dans les USI comprennent une certaine forme de nutrition, les patients reçoivent généralement un apport énergétique et en protéines inférieur à celui recommandé. Notre objectif était de caractériser les soins en nutrition offerts aux patients atteints de LA grave. Nous avons réalisé un examen rétrospectif des adultes atteints de LA admis dans une USI médicale ou chirurgicale pendant plus de 24 heures. Des analyses statistiques descriptives ont été menées sur les données recueillies, notamment les données démographiques, les scores APACHE II et Nutric, le traitement nutritionnel, les raisons de l’arrêt de l’alimentation et le statut de mortalité lors du congé de l’hôpital. Les données ont été recueillies auprès de 154 patients atteints de LA. Le score APACHE II moyen était de 27, et le score Nutric moyen, de 5,96. Le taux de mortalité en USI était de 36 %. L’alimentation entérale (AE) était la plus communément prescrite. Les patients recevant une AE recevaient 55 % de l’apport énergétique et 51 % de l’apport en protéine recommandé. L’AE était le plus souvent arrêtée pour des raisons d’assistance respiratoire et de défaillance gastro-intestinale. Les patients atteints de LA recevaient de faibles quantités d’énergie et de protéines à l’USI et présentaient un score NUTRIC élevé. Les stratégies et obstacles relatifs à l’amélioration de l’apport en protéines de cette population sont ciblés.

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Financial support: No financial support was received for this research.
Conflict of interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 80Number 1March 2019
Pages: 34 - 38

History

Version of record online: 15 November 2018

Authors

Affiliations

Kristen N. MacEachern MSc, RD
Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Critical Care, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON
Alan P. Kraguljac MSc
Department of Critical Care, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON
Sangeeta Mehta MD, FRCP(C)
Department of Medicine and Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON

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