Comparing Diet Quality of School Meals versus Food Brought from Home

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
4 June 2020

Abstract

Purpose: Consuming nutritious food is essential to learning. The purpose of this research was to determine the diet quality of elementary school lunches, both those in meal programs and those bringing food from home, in urban and rural locations in Saskatchewan.
Methods: Using a School Food Checklist and digital photography we compared food group servings and diet quality in 3 school types: urban schools with a meal program and urban and rural schools without a meal program. The total sample was 773 students.
Results: Only 55% of students brought the minimum number of servings for grain products and meat and alternatives, with fewer bringing the minimum for vegetables and fruit (25.6%–34.9%), whole grains (24.1%), and milk and alternatives (14.1%). Students bringing food from home had significantly more calories in their lunches from minimally nutritious foods. Students in meal programs had the highest diet quality scores using the Healthy Eating Index adapted for school hours.
Conclusions: The diet quality of elementary students’ lunches needs improvement, although students in meal programs have healthier diets. Interventions targeting what children eat at school should focus on increasing the number of students meeting recommendations for healthy foods while decreasing minimally nutritious foods brought to school.

Résumé

Objectif. La consommation d’aliments nutritifs est essentielle à l’apprentissage. Cette recherche visait à déterminer la qualité nutritionnelle de dîners d’élèves du primaire, qu’il s’agisse de dîners provenant de la maison ou de programmes de dîners à l’école, dans des régions urbaines et rurales de la Saskatchewan.
Méthodes. À l’aide d’une liste de contrôle des aliments et de photos numériques, nous avons comparé les portions des groupes alimentaires ainsi que la qualité de l’alimentation dans 3 types d’écoles : écoles en milieu urbain offrant un programme de dîners, et écoles en milieu rural et urbain n’en offrant pas. L’échantillon était composé de 773 élèves.
Résultats. Seulement 55 % des élèves ont apporté le nombre minimum de portions de produits céréaliers et de viandes et substituts, et encore moins ont apporté le minimum de légumes et fruits (25,6 % à 34,9 %), de grains entiers (24,1 %) et de lait et substituts (14,1 %). Les dîners provenant de la maison contenaient significativement plus de calories issues d’aliments peu nutritifs. Sur la base de l’indice de saine alimentation adapté aux horaires scolaires, ce sont les repas des programmes de dîners qui ont obtenu les meilleurs scores quant à la qualité de l’alimentation.
Conclusions. La qualité nutritionnelle du dîner des élèves du primaire doit être améliorée, quoique les élèves participant à des programmes de dîners aient une alimentation plus saine. Les interventions ciblant ce que mangent les enfants à l’école devraient viser à augmenter le nombre d’élèves qui respectent les recommandations en matière d’aliments sains et à réduire la quantité d’aliments peu nutritifs apportés à l’école.

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Funding: This study was funded by the College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare they have no competing interests.

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Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 81Number 4December 2020
Pages: 179 - 185

History

Version of record online: 4 June 2020

Authors

Affiliations

Tracy Everitt MAEd, PDt, PhD
Department of Human Nutrition, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS
Rachel Engler-Stringer PhD
Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK
Wanda Martin PhD
College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK
Hassanali Vatanparast MD, PhD
College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK

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