Blenderized Tube Feeding and Enterostomy Tube Occlusions Among Adults with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Primary Lateral Sclerosis

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
28 September 2021

Abstract

Adults with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) may develop swallowing difficulties and elect to receive an enterostomy feeding tube for nutrition support. Blenderized tube feeding (BTF) appeals to those interested in a homemade enteral nutrition option, but there are concerns of feeding tube occlusion and limited research on this potential risk. Therefore, our purpose was to determine the frequency of, and risk factors for, feeding tube occlusions among adults with ALS or PLS who use BTF. For this retrospective study, the electronic medical records of tube-fed adults with ALS or PLS who received outpatient care at a provincial ALS clinic during a two-year period were reviewed (n = 651). There were 97 tube-fed patients identified, of which 20 (21%) used BTF. Average duration of BTF use was 11.25 ± 7.5 months. Seven subjects (35%) used BTF exclusively, while 13 (65%) used a combination of BTF and commercial enteral formula. All received BTF by gastrostomy tube, sized 14 to 24 French. BTF administration methods and compliance with water flush recommendations varied. Despite the perceived risk of feeding tube occlusions with blenderized tube feeding, no occlusions were found to have occurred in this study.

Résumé

Les adultes atteints de sclérose latérale amyotrophique (SLA) et de sclérose latérale primaire (SLP) peuvent développer des difficultés de déglutition et choisir de recevoir un soutien nutritionnel sous forme de sonde d’entérostomie. L’alimentation par sonde avec nourriture en purée (ASNP) suscite l’intérêt des personnes qui aimeraient avoir une alimentation entérale faite maison, mais l’on craint d’éventuelles occlusions de la sonde, et peu de recherches ont été menées sur ce risque. Ainsi, notre objectif était de déterminer la fréquence et les facteurs de risque d’occlusions de la sonde d’alimentation chez les adultes atteints de SLA ou de SLP ayant recours à l’ASNP. Dans le cadre de cette étude rétrospective, les dossiers médicaux électroniques d’adultes alimentés par sonde et atteints de SLA ou de SLP qui ont reçu des soins en clinique externe dans une clinique provinciale de SLA durant une période de deux ans ont été examinés (n = 651). On a identifié 97 patients alimentés par sonde, dont 20 (21 %) ont eu recours à l’ASNP. La durée moyenne d’utilisation de l’ASNP était de 11,25 ± 7,5 mois. Sept sujets (35 %) avaient exclusivement recours à l’ASNP, tandis que 13 (65 %) utilisaient une combinaison d’ASNP et de préparations entérales commerciales. Tous recevaient l’ASNP par sonde de gastrostomie de format 14 à 24 Ch. Les méthodes d’administration de l’ASNP et le respect des recommandations en matière de rinçage à l’eau variaient. Malgré le risque perçu d’occlusion de la sonde par la nourriture en purée, aucune occlusion ne s’est produite dans le cadre de cette étude.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

REFERENCES

1
Hurt RT, Edakkanambeth Varayil J, Epp LM, Pattinson AK, Lammert LM, Lintz JE, et al. Blenderized tube feeding use in adult home enteral nutrition patients: a cross-sectional study. Nutr Clin Pract. 2015;30(6):824–829.
2
Johnson TW, Spurlock AL, Epp L, Hurt RT, and Mundi MS. Reemergence of blended tube feeding and parent’s reported experiences in their tube fed children. J Altern Complement Med. 2018;24(4):369–373.
3
Phillips G. Patient and carer experience of blended diet via gastrostomy: a qualitative study. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2019;32:391–399.
4
Boston M and Wile H. Caregivers’ perceptions of real-food containing tube feeding: a Canadian survey. Can J Diet Pract Res. 2020;81(4):193–197.
5
Batsis ID, Davis L, Pritchett L, Linxuan W, Shores D, Yeung KA, et al. Efficacy and tolerance of blended diets in children receiving gastrostomy feeds. Nutr Clin Pract. 2020;35(2):282–288.
6
Gallagher K, Flint A, Mouzaki M, Carpenter A, Haliburton B, Bannister L, et al. Blenderized enteral nutrition diet study: feasibility, clinical, and microbiome outcomes of providing blenderized feeds through a gastric tube in a medically complex pediatric population. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2018;42(6):1046–1060.
7
Pentiuk S, O’Flahtery T, Santoro K, Willging P, and Kaul A. Pureed by gastrostomy tube diet improves gagging and retching in children with fundoplication. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2011;35(3):375–379.
8
Kernizan D, Mintz D, Colin M, Lee M, Yoakam L, Chen YP, et al. Outcomes and safety of blenderized tube feedings in pediatric patients: a single center’s experience. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2020;71(4):e124–e128.
9
Borghi R, Duta Araujo T, Airoldi Vieira RI, Theodoro de Souza T, and Waitzberg DL. ILSI task force on enteral nutrition; estimated composition and costs of blenderized diets. Nutr Hosp. 2013;28(6):2033–38.
10
O’Hara C. Scurvy related to the use of a homemade tube feeding formula. Infant Child Adolesc Nutr. 2015;7(6):381–384.
11
Papakostas P, Tsaousi G, Stavrou G, Rachovistsas D, Tsiropoulos G, Rova C, et al.Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding of locally advanced oro-pharygo-laryngeal cancer patients: blenderized or commercial food?. Oral Oncol. 2017;74:135–141.
12
Viera MMC, Santos VFN, Bottoni A, and Morais TB. Nutritional and microbiological quality of commercial and homemade blenderized whole food enteral diets for home-based enteral nutritional therapy in adults. Clin Nutr. 2018;37(1):177–81.
13
Sullivan MM, Sorreda-Esguerra P, Platon MB, Castro CG, Chou NR, Shott S, et al.Nutritional analysis of blenderized enteral diets in the Philippines. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2004;13(4):385–90.
14
Armstrong J, Buchanan E, Duncan H, Ross K, and Gerasimidis K. Dietitians’ perceptions and experience of blenderised feeds for paediatric tube-feeding. Arch Dis Child. 2017;102(2):152–156.
15
Kariya C, Bell K, Bellamy C, Lau J, and Yee K. Blenderized tube feeding: a survey of dietitians’ perspectives, education and perceived competence. Can J Diet Pract Res. 2019;80(4):190–194.
16
Katzberg HD and Benatar M. Enteral tube feeding for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;CD004030.
17
Madden AM, Baines S, Bothwell S, Chen E, Goh S, Jerome L, et al. A laboratory-based evaluation of tube blocking and microbial risks associated with one blended enteral feed recipe. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2019;32(5):667–675.
18
Mundi MS, Epp L, and Hurt RT. Increased force required with proposed standardized enteral feed connector in blenderized tube feeding. Nutr Clin Pract. 2016;31(6):795–798.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 82Number 4December 2021
Pages: 196 - 199
Editor: Naomi Cahill Ph.D RD

History

Version of record online: 28 September 2021

Key Words

  1. Enteral nutrition
  2. amytrophic lateral sclerosis
  3. primary lateral sclerosis
  4. gastrostomy
  5. dysphagia

Mots-clés

  1. alimentation entérale
  2. sclérose latérale amyotrophique
  3. sclérose latérale primaire
  4. gastrostomie
  5. dysphagie

Authors

Affiliations

Claire Kariya BSc, RD, CNSC
Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver General Hospital, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Vancouver BC
University of British Columbia, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, Dietetics, Vancouver BC
Lisa Vardi BSc, RD, CNSC
Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, ALS Centre, Vancouver BC

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Other Metrics

Citations

Cite As

Export Citations

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

There are no citations for this item

View Options

Login options

Check if you access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Subscribe

Click on the button below to subscribe to Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research

Purchase options

Purchase this article to get full access to it.

Restore your content access

Enter your email address to restore your content access:

Note: This functionality works only for purchases done as a guest. If you already have an account, log in to access the content to which you are entitled.

View options

PDF

View PDF

Full Text

View Full Text

Media

Media

Other

Tables

Share Options

Share

Share the article link

Share on social media