Hospital Diagnosis of Malnutrition: A Call for Action

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
17 February 2009

Abstract

The Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) provides accurate health information needed to establish sound health care policies. The CIHI mandate is to develop and coordinate a uniform approach to health care information in Canada. The institute uses the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) system to record the most responsible diagnosis for each hospital admission. This investigation was conducted to determine if six ICD protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) codes could be used for health care utilization analyses. Aggregate data (1996 to 2000) from the CIHI discharge abstract database were used. The data analyzed were the most responsible diagnoses data for the six PCM codes and a single summary statistic for all other “non-malnutrition” diagnoses for all long-term care facility residents aged 65 or older who were transferred to an acute care facility. In this population, fewer than five hospital admissions per year were assigned a PCM code. There were too few PCM cases to do trend analyses for morbidity or mortality. This study suggests a lack of recognition and documentation of PCM as a specific health condition in older adults. Lack of tracking of this diagnosis prevents documentation that could lead to policy changes to support older adults’ nutrition.

Résumé

L'Institut canadien d'information sur la santé (ICIS) fournit l'information en santé précise nécessaire pour établir des politiques sérieuses en matière de soins de santé. Le mandat de l'Institut est de concevoir et de coordonner une approche uniforme en matière d'information sur les soins de santé au Canada. L'Institut emploie la Classification internationale des maladies (CIM) pour consigner les diagnostics les plus responsables pour chaque admission à l'hôpital. La présente étude a été menée pour déterminer si six codes CIM de malnutrition protéino-calorique (MPC) pouvaient servir à analyser l'utilisation des soins de santé. On a utilisé les données agrégées (1996 à 2000) de la base de données abrégée de l'ICIS sur les congés des patients. Les données analysées étaient les diagnostics les plus responsables pour les six codes MPC et un simple résumé statistique de tous les autres diagnostics de «non-malnutrition» pour tous les résidents de centres hospitaliers de soins de longue durée de 65 ans et plus qui avaient été transférés dans un centre hospitalier de soins de courte durée. Dans cette population, moins de cinq admissions à l'hôpital par année comportaient un code MPC. Il y avait trop peu de cas de MPC pour mener des analyses de tendance quant à la morbidité ou à la mortalité. Cette étude suggère un manque de reconnaissance et de documentation de la MPC comme condition pathologique distincte chez les adultes âgés. L'absence de ce diagnostic empêche de documenter des cas qui pourraient mener à des changements de politiques pour favoriser la nutrition des adultes âgés.

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Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 70Number 1March 2009
Pages: 37 - 41

History

Version of record online: 17 February 2009

Authors

Affiliations

Mary Ann Bocock, PhD, RD
Department of Family Relations and Applied Human Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON
Heather H. Keller, PhD, RD
Department of Family Relations and Applied Human Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON

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Cited by

1. Are Dietitians Documenting Malnutrition Based on Subjective Global Assessment Category?
2. Hospital Patients Are Not Eating Their Full Meal: Results of the Canadian 2010–2011 nutritionDay Survey

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