Development of a Food Frequency Questionnaire: For Toddlers of Low-German-Speaking Mennonites from Mexico

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
13 February 2012

Abstract

Purpose: Little is known about dietary intakes in toddlers of Low-German-Speaking Mennonites from Mexico, although some of these toddlers might be at risk for nutritional deficiencies. A 97-item, culturally sensitive, interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was developed and validated for health professionals to assess dietary intake in these children aged 12 to 36 months.
Methods: Cultural foods on the FFQ were determined via focus groups; a pilot study tested content and formatting. The FFQ was administered to parents/caregivers of 22 toddlers in a southern Ontario community of Low-German-Speaking Mennonites from Mexico. Validity was determined by comparing nutrient intakes from the FFQ and from the 24-hour recalls, using Bland-Altman plots, Pearson correlations, and Student’s t-tests. Test-retest reliability was compared between two FFQ administrations (n=14) one month apart, via intraclass correlations (ICCs).
Results: Bland-Altman plots showed good agreement between the FFQ and the 24-hour recall; Pearson correlations between methods were significant for protein, folate, calcium, and caffeine. Student’s t-tests were not significantly different between methods for 11 of 12 nutrients. Test-retest reliability was good on the basis of acceptable ICC for eight of 12 nutrients.
Conclusions: The prevalence of nutrient inadequacies was low, except for folate. These results are promising for implementation of a simple, quick, culturally sensitive FFQ with the potential to provide reliable estimates of mean intakes in toddlers of Low-German-Speaking Mennonites from Mexico.

Résumé

Objectif: On sait très peu de choses sur les apports alimentaires des jeunes enfants mennonites originaires du Mexique parlant le bas-allemand, mais certains d’entre eux pourraient être à risque de carences nutritionnelles. Un questionnaire de fréquence alimentaire (QFA) de 97 questions adapté à la réalité culturelle et administré par les intervieweurs a été mis au point et validé afin que les professionnels de la santé puissent évaluer l’apport alimentaire de ces enfants âgés de 12 à 36 mois.
Méthodes: Des groupes de discussion ont été utilisés pour choisir les aliments culturels inclus dans le QFA; une étude pilote a été mise sur pied pour tester le contenu et le format. Le QFA a été administré aux parents/personnes qui prennent soin de 22 jeunes enfants d’une communauté du sud de l’Ontario formée de mennonites originaires du Mexique parlant le bas-allemand. La validité a été établie en comparant les apports en nutriments du QFA et ceux des rappels alimentaires de 24 heures à l’aide de graphiques de Bland-Altman, des coefficients de corrélation de Pearson et des tests t. La fiabilité de la méthode test-retest a été comparée, par corrélations intraclasses (CIC), entre deux administrations du QFA (n = 14) effectuées à un mois d’intervalle.
Résultats: Les graphiques de Bland-Altman montraient une bonne cohérence entre le QFA et le rappel alimentaire de 24 heures; les coefficients de corrélation de Pearson entre les deux méthodes étaient significatifs pour les protéines, le folate, le calcium et la caféine. Les tests t n’étaient pas significativement différents d’une méthode à l’autre pour 11 des 12 nutriments. La fiabilité de la méthode test-retest était bonne sur la base d’un CIC acceptable pour huit des 12 nutriments.
Conclusions: La prévalence de carences en nutriments était faible, sauf pour le folate. Ces résultats sont prometteurs pour l’implantation d’un QFA simple, rapide, adapté à la réalité culturelle et ayant le potentiel de fournir des estimations fiables des apports moyens chez les jeunes enfants mennonites originaires du Mexique parlant le bas-allemand.

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Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 73Number 1March 2012
Pages: 40 - 44

History

Version of record online: 13 February 2012

Authors

Affiliations

Andrea D’ambrosio, MAN, RD
Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON
Amanda Tiessen, MSc, RD
Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON
Janis Randall Simpson, PhD, RD
Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON

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