Determinants of Diet Quality Among Canadian Adolescents

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
15 May 2009

Abstract

Purpose: Dietary intakes and nutrition behaviours were examined among different diet quality groups of Canadian adolescents.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 2850 Alberta and Ontario adolescents aged 14 to 17, who completed a self-administered web-based survey that examined nutrient intakes andmeal behaviours (meal frequency andmeal consumption away from home).
Results:Meanmacronutrient intakes were within Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges; however,micronutrient intakes andmedian food group intakes were below recommendations based on Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating (CFGHE). Overall diet quality indicated that 43%, 47%, and 10%of students had poor, average, and superior diet quality, respectively. Adolescents with lower diet quality had significantly different intakes of macronutrients and CFGHE-defined “other foods.” In terms of diet quality determinants, those with poor diet quality had higher frequencies of suboptimalmeal behaviours. Students with poor diet quality consumed breakfast and lunch less frequently than did those with average and superior diet quality.
Conclusions: Canadian adolescents have low intakes of CFGHE-recommended foods and high intakes of “other foods.” Those with poor diet quality had suboptimal macronutrient intakes and increased meal skipping and meal consumption away from home. Adherence to CFGHE may promote optimal dietary intakes and improve nutritional behaviours.

Résumé

Objectif: Les apports alimentaires et les comportements nutritionnels ont été examinés chez des groupes d'adolescents canadiens présentant différentes qualités d'alimentation.
Méthodes: Cette étude transversale a étémenée auprès de 2850 adolescents de l'Alberta et de l'Ontario âgés de 14 à 17 ans. Les participants ont répondu eux-mêmes à un questionnaire en ligne sur les apports en nutriments et les comportements relatifs aux repas (fréquence des repas et repas pris à l'extérieur du domicile).
Résultats: Les apportsmoyens enmacronutriments se situaient dans les limites des valeurs acceptables; cependant, les apports en micronutriments et les apportsmédians des groupes alimentaires étaient inférieurs aux recommandations du Guide alimentaire canadien pour manger sainement (GACMS). Quant à la qualité globale de l'alimentation, elle étaitmauvaise,moyenne et supérieure chez 43%, 47%et 10%des adolescents respectivement. Les adolescents dont l'alimentation laissait le plus à désirer avaient des apports en macronutriments et des apports d’« autres aliments » selon le GACMS significativement différents. En ce qui a trait aux déterminants de la qualité de l'alimentation, les participants dont la qualité de l'alimentation étaitmauvaise présentaient de plus fortes fréquences de comportements sous-optimaux à l’égard des repas. De plus, ils déjeunaient et dînaientmoins souvent que ceux dont la qualité de l'alimentation étaitmoyenne ou supérieure.
Conclusions: Les adolescents canadiens ont de faibles apports d'aliments recommandés par le GACMS et des apports importants d’« autres aliments ». Ceux qui ont unemauvaise alimentation présentent des apports sous-optimaux enmacronutriments, sautent des repas plus souvent et prennent plus de repas à l'extérieur de leur domicile. L'observance du GACMS peut favoriser des apports alimentaires optimaux et améliorer les comportements nutritionnels.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 70Number 2July 2009
Pages: 58 - 65

History

Version of record online: 15 May 2009

Authors

Affiliations

Kate E. Storey, PhD, RD
Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
Rhona M. Hanning, PhD, RD
Department of Health Studies and Gerontology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON
Irene A. Lambraki, MSc
Department of Health Studies and Gerontology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON
Pete Driezen, MSc
Department of Health Studies and Gerontology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON
Shawn N. Fraser, PhD
Centre for Nursing and Health Studies, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB
Linda J. McCargar, PhD, RD
Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB

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1. Where Should We Eat? Lunch Source and Dietary Measures Among Youth During the School Week

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