Applied Filters
- Communication
Publication Date
Author
- Willows, Noreen D PhD7
- Lordly, Daphne MA PDt4
- Buchholz, Andrea C PhD RD3
- Farmer, Anna PhD RD3
- Hammond, David PhD3
- Ball, Geoff D C PhD RD2
- Bell, Rhonda C PhD2
- Dahl, Wendy J PhD RD2
- Elliott, Sarah A PhD2
- Glanville, N Theresa PhD PDt2
- Hekmat, Sharareh PhD2
- MacLellan, Debbie PhD RD2
- Mager, Diana R PhD RD2
- Maximova, Katerina PhD2
- Mazurak, Vera C PhD2
- McCargar, Linda J PhD RD2
- Mudryj, Adriana PhD2
- Ricciuto, Laurie MHSc RD2
- Rioux, France M PhD2
- Slater, Joyce RD PhD2
- Suh, Miyoung RD PhD2
- Tyler, Robert T PhD2
- Vagianos, Kathy RD MSc2
- Whiting, Susan J PhD2
- Wismer, Wendy PhD2
Access Type
81 - 100of126
Save this search
Please login to be able to save your searches and receive alerts for new content matching your search criteria.
Filters
Search Name | Searched On |
---|---|
Paper Type: Communication (126) | 12 May 2024 |
You do not have any saved searches
- Purpose: Food consumption was investigated in children attending three elementary schools in urban Hamilton, Ontario. Methods: Dietary data were collected from 92 children in grades 2 to 4 through 24-hour dietary recalls (39% participation rate). Servings of four food groups were compared with recommended daily servings in Canada’s Food Guide. Results: The majority of students did not consume the recommended five daily servings of vegetables and fruit. On average, they consumed a high number of servings of “other foods,” which were not included in the four food groups. More than 50% of the students did not consume the recommended daily servings of milk products, and only a small proportion (21%) drank milk during school lunch. Conclusions: We recommend that primary school educators promote the consumption of vegetables and fruits and milk products at school, either through healthy snack programs or educational programs.
- Purpose: To evaluate initiation and duration of breastfeeding of infants born to mothers who participated in the Early Childhood Initiative (ECI) program. Factors affecting the initiation and the early cessation of breastfeeding were also explored. Methods: Twenty-five pregnant women participating in the ECI program completed this prospective study. At 36 weeks’ gestation, a questionnaire was administered to assess socioeconomic status, intention to breastfeed and breastfeeding experience. When the infants were three and six months of age, feeding practices were assessed with a questionnaire. Results: The breastfeeding initiation rate was 62.5%. At one and three months postpartum, exclusive breastfeeding rates were 39% and 4%, respectively. At six months, none of the women was exclusively breastfeeding. Primiparity, prenatal classes, having been breastfed and intention to breastfeed at 36 weeks’ gestation were positively associated with breastfeeding initiation. Father’s education, intention to breastfeed at 36 weeks’ gestation, no water or formula given to the infant during hospitalization and higher maternal hemoglobin level at 36 weeks’ gestation were positively associated with the duration of breastfeeding. Conclusions: The rate of initiation and duration of breastfeeding for ECI participants were low. To achieve successful interventions, it is important to target modifiable factors known to influence the initiation and duration of breastfeeding within this population.
- Purpose: The notion of transferable skills is part of the comprehensive education model for dietetic practice. Dietitians’ perspectives were collected to determine their understanding of the concept and which dietetic skills they considered transferable in long-term and acute care environments. Methods: The study included a purposive sample of 14 dietitians representing long-term and acute care internship training and employment. The dietitians completed a questionnaire and were interviewed. Results: All respondents demonstrated an understanding of the concept of transferability of skills. Results indicated that the majority believed dietetic entry-level competencies could be achieved in both long-term and acute care environments. While the majority believed competencies could be transferred from one environment to another, issues were raised about transfer from long-term care to acute care. These issues included limited client communication, fewer resources, and less opportunity for exposure to skill areas. Interpretation of the term “skill,” one-way transferability, and level of competence required for the particular working environment emerged as challenges to operationalization of the concept. Conclusions: Transferability of skills within dietetic practice requires further investigation if it is to be fully understood and used to its full potential.
- Purpose: To compare dietary intakes of individuals with and without familial history of obesity (FHO) with recommendations from Canada’s Food Guide to Healthy Eating (CFGHE). Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 197 women and 129 men with a body mass index of less than 30kg/m2 from the Quebec City metropolitan area. A dietitian obtained their dietary intakes, using a food frequency questionnaire. Results: Daily energy, macronutrient, and fibre intakes were not significantly different between individuals with and without FHO. No significant differences in the proportion of individuals who achieved the minimum CFGHE recommendations were observed between individuals with and without FHO. Conclusions: Findings of our study suggest that individuals with and without FHO have comparable dietary intakes when compared to Canadian dietary guidelines.
- Purpose: Parents’ health literacy skills include food and nutrition knowledge, as well as the ability to read, comprehend, and use information related to their children’s health. The evaluation of a nutrition education booklet within the NutriSTEP™ (Nutrition Screening Tool for Every Preschooler) Project was conducted. Parents’ nutrition education needs and their sources of nutrition information were also assessed. Methods: Eight dietitians from four provinces conducted in-person interviews with a sample of 322 parents. Parents were asked their perception of the booklet and reported learning. Dietitians’ written feedback on the booklet and their recorded comments and nutrition advice to parents were gathered. Results: Collated feedback led to significant revisions to the booklet. Parents reported increased knowledge from the booklet; 38% wanted more information on nutrition, while 25% wanted to know more about preschoolers and physical activity. The top three sources of nutrition advice for this parent sample were physicians, dietitians, and public health units. Conclusions: Written materials must be evaluated with the target audience to improve readability and comprehension. Further nutrition education efforts should be targeted through parents’ main sources of nutrition information. Further research is needed on nutrition education intervention effectiveness to promote positive health outcomes.
- Theresa Lirette RD, MSc candidate,
- Jennifer Podovennikoff RD,
- Wendy Wismer PhD,
- Liz Tondu BSc, and
- Linda Klatt
Purpose: To investigate Edmonton Meals on Wheels (MOW) recipients’ food preferences and meal satisfaction. Methods: A preliminary study of 13 lunch club participants divided into two focus groups was conducted to determine overall themes in clients’ menu preferences and suggestions. A questionnaire was developed, based on previous MOW client comments, and delivered to all clients (n=271) receiving hot meal service from the Edmonton MOW program; 140 surveys (52% response rate) were returned. Results: The majority (72% to 88%) of hot meal clients were satisfied with the taste, texture, value, variety, and portion size of their meals. Popular menu items were barbecued chicken, perogies, and desserts. Up to 25% of participants indicated that meats were too tough and vegetables were too firm. Vegetables such as broccoli and Brussels sprouts were the most commonly disliked items. Conclusions: Overall, clients find the Edmonton MOW menu foods appealing and enjoyable. MOW programs should advertise the availability of texture-modified foods and offer a variety of vegetables. Meal services for the elderly must continue to monitor meal acceptance as client needs change with our aging population.- Purpose: To determine whether fortification allowed older adults in the Kingston, Frontenac, and Lennox & Addington (KFL&A) Public Health area to obtain adequate amounts of food folate, and the proportion at risk of consuming more than the upper limit (UL) of folic acid (1,000 mcg). Methods: Dietary intake of a convenience sample of 103 healthy, active older adults (age range: 65 to 95 years) was measured using three 24-hour recalls. Dietary folate preand post-fortification was estimated. Results: Mean dietary folate increased from pre- to postfortification, but 43.4% of women and 20% of men still consumed less than the Estimated Average Requirement of 320 mcg dietary folate equivalent. No intakes exceeded the UL. Participants whose diet met grain products and vegetable and fruit recommendations of Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating consumed significantly more folate. Conclusions: Despite fortification, some older adults in the KFL&A area may not be obtaining enough folate to meet their nutritional needs, and may be at risk for health problems associated with folate deficiency. However, without concomitant serum folate measurements, the proportion is not known. Dietitians need to continue promoting foods naturally rich in folate, along with folic acid-fortified foods. While none of the older adults consumed more than the UL, some could exceed this amount if folic acid supplements were added to a folic acid-rich diet.
- Purpose: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during pregnancy and infancy is still common in developed countries, especially in low-income groups. We examined the prevalence of anemia and IDA in healthy low-income pregnant women participating in the Early Childhood Initiatives (ECI) program, and in their infants when they reached six months of age. Methods: Pregnant women were recruited by nutritionists. In mothers, hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume, and serum ferritin (SF) were measured at 36 ± 2 weeks of gestation. In infants, Hb, mean corpuscular volume, SF, serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and transferrin saturation (TS) were measured at six months of age. Thirty-one mother-infant pairs participated. Results: Among the 31 pregnant women participating in the ECI program, six (19.4%) were anemic (Hb <110 g/L) and five (16.1%) suffered from IDA (Hb <110 g/L and SF <10 µg/L). Among infants, seven of 23 (30.4%) were anemic (Hb <110 g/L) and five of 23 (21.7%) suffered from IDA (Hb <110 g/L plus two of the following: TIBC >60 µmol/L, SF <10 µg/L, serum iron <5.3 µmol/L, TS ≤15%). Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia in this group of lowincome pregnant women is comparable to that in privileged women. The prevalence of IDA in infants is comparable to that observed in other high-risk groups. Effective strategies are needed to prevent IDA in vulnerable groups.
- Purpose: A dietitian-administered, shortened form of the Apple and Agras cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) method was evaluated in a group setting to determine its effect on improving obese women's self-esteem and reducing binge-eating behaviours, depression, and negative body image. Methods: Participants were recruited through newspaper and radio advertisements. Respondents who met study selection criteria were randomly assigned to either a CBT group (n=13) or a delayed group (D-CBT) (n=9). The treatment was administered over six weekly sessions to the CBT group, and then twice weekly over three weeks to the D-CBT group. Two measures of bingeing behaviour (severity and frequency), three measures of mood (depression, body image, and self-esteem), and body weight were assessed. Results: The intervention did not result in any changes in body weight. There were statistically significant and clinically important changes after treatment (p<0.05) for all five measures. Binge-eating severity and frequency decreased, depression decreased, body image improved, and self-esteem improved. All changes were greater in the six-week treatment group. Conclusions: The dietitian-administered, group setting CBT program is effective for reducing binge eating and improving emotional state in obese women.
- Barbara V. Roebothan PhD, RDt,
- Joy Carmichael BSc, DDS,
- Valerie Barter BSc, RDt,
- Jane Aucoin MSc, RDt, and
- Madonna Murphy BSc
Purpose: Dietary folic acid (FA) intakes were analyzed in random samples of 302 young women (aged 18 to 34) and 337 seniors (aged 65 to 74) residing in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL). The analyses were an attempt to estimate the amount of FA they would consume solely because of mandatory fortification of foods. Methods: Secondary analysis was performed on raw data collected through single 24-hour recalls as part of a larger study. Results: The dietary FA contributed by fortified foods eaten in the specified amounts was estimated to be 136 to 148 mcg/day (226 to 247 DFE/day) for young women and 151 to 160 mcg/day (252 to 267 DFE/day) for seniors. Most of this FA was contributed to the diet by enriched white flour. Conclusions: Mandatory fortification of foods appears to have improved the total mean intake of folate by young women and seniors residing in NL.- Kathleen Lindhorst MSc,
- Lynda Corby MSc, MEd, RD, FDC,
- Susan Roberts MEd, BSc, and
- Sharon Zeiler MBA, BSc, RD
Purpose: Consumer workshops in rural and remote locations were evaluated for their efficacy in changing participants’ selfperceived attitudes and behaviours related to nutrition labelling. Methods: Project-trained community health educators used pilot-tested workshop resources to facilitate 18 workshops across the country. Participants completed pre-workshop questionnaires to permit the identification of demographic characteristics and attitudes and behaviours related to nutrition labelling at pointof- purchase. Results: The majority of the 259 consumers who submitted questionnaires were women (81%), and aged 35 to 54 (35%); 51% reported more than a high school education and 34% had less than $25,000 as a yearly family income. Self-perceived attitudes and behaviours related to nutrition labelling differed only slightly by family income before the workshop. Workshops were rated positively (mode=4 [range 2 to 5]). Thirty-five consumers were surveyed three months after the workshop; the majority were women (89%), were aged 35 to 54 (43%), and had completed high school (51%). Self-perceived attitudes and behaviours for all respondents (n=35) had improved. Use of acquired knowledge and skills at point-of-purchase was high for all respondents (mode=4 [range 2 to 5]; five-point Likert scale). Conclusions: Providing in-person consumer workshops with pilot-tested materials in rural and remote locations had positive impacts on attitudes and behaviours related to the use of nutrition labelling.- Purpose: A new dietary zinc assessment tool (ZAT) was evaluated to determine its usefulness in estimating zinc intakes among college students. Methods: A food frequency questionnaire specifically designed for calculating average zinc intakes was administered to university students who had also completed three-day food records. Zinc intakes from the two instruments were compared. Results: Among 171 participants (38 male, 133 female) aged 20.2 ± 1.6 years (mean ± standard deviation), the two dietary assessment methods were positively correlated (r=0.33, p<0.001). The ZAT correctly identified 76% of the women who were obtaining less than the National Academy of Sciences Recommended Dietary Allowance for zinc (8 mg/day for females, 11 mg/day for males). Conclusions: This convenient tool may assist in the identification of problematic dietary patterns at an early stage. Further design modifications and expanded studies are warranted.
- Purpose: Students entering university often lack knowledge about fats; whether students gain such information during four years at university is unclear. Students’ knowledge of fat in the first and fourth years was measured and compared. The effect of a nutrition course on knowledge was also examined. Methods: A total of 215 science students at a small undergraduate university completed a 15-item, closed-ended questionnaire concerning knowledge of fats in the diet. Results: Fourth-year science students have greater nutrition knowledge of fats than do first-year science students (p<0.005). Given that the majority of first-year students reside on campus and the majority of fourth-year students reside off campus, the purchasing of food and preparation of meals may explain the senior students’ greater knowledge of fat. Students who have taken a nutrition course know more about fats than do those who have not (p<0.001). Conclusions: Taking even one course in nutrition greatly increases nutrition knowledge. Universities could encourage undergraduate students to take a basic nutrition course, which should emphasize the identification and understanding of different types of dietary fats.
- Talia Hassan MSc, RD,
- Gail Marchessault PhD, PHEc, RD,
- Marian Campbell PhD, RD, and
- Bruce Huhmann PhD
Purpose: Osteoporosis affects 1.4 million Canadians. Maximizing bone mass by age 30 may reduce this risk. Because calcium intake and body weight are both associated with bone mass, and many Canadian women report that they obtain nutrition information from magazines, we compared the frequency of calcium and body weight messages in Chatelaine and Flare, Canadian magazines for mature versus younger women, respectively. Methods: Using keywords, we identified relevant advertisements and articles in all issues of Chatelaine and Flare for 2000 to 2001. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank sum tests. Results: Chatelaine had more calcium and weight messages per 100 pages than did Flare (significant only for calcium, p ≤0.0001). Within Chatelaine, there were no significant differences between the frequency of calcium and weight messages; however, almost 90% of Flare's messages focused on weight (p ≤0.0001), with only eight messages in two years addressing calcium. Conclusions: Magazines with limited calcium and many weight messages inadvertently promote a lifestyle that may increase the risk for osteoporosis. The opportunity exists to provide improved calcium and osteoporosis coverage for women at the prime age for maximizing bone density. Awareness of information gaps may help dietitians strategize in promoting nutrition messages to women.- Lisa Needham MSc, RD,
- John J.M. Dwyer PhD,
- Janis Randall-Simpson PhD, RD, and
- Elizabeth Shaver Heeney MSc, RD
Purpose: The child care setting can help preschoolers develop healthy eating habits. Establishing such habits may increase preschoolers’ likelihood of carrying them into adulthood, which can decrease the risk of nutrition-related chronic diseases. Challenges in supporting preschoolers’ healthy eating were investigated among child care staff. Methods: Three focus group interviews were conducted with 29 child care staff members. Audiotapes of the sessions were transcribed. Results: Several themes were identified from the analysis of the transcripts. An intrapersonal (individual) factor was children's picky eating. Interpersonal factors (interactions) included perceptions that parents do not encourage their children to eat in a healthy way, and that child care staff's use of practices were inconsistent with health professional recommendations. Physical environment factors included perceptions that healthy food was not accessible at child care centres and that children have unhealthy food at home. Conclusions: Program planners and health professionals can develop and implement strategies to overcome some of the identified challenges to supporting preschoolers’ healthy eating.- Purpose: Texture-modified diets offered in long-term care (LTC) facilities are often prepared from the regular menu, planned using Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating. The appropriateness of protein levels of puréed diets in LTC facilities was determined. Methods: Protein content was measured in 29 duplicate diets, collected from 20 urban LTC facilities in Saskatchewan (SK) and Ontario (ON). Mealtime puréed food intakes of 20 LTC residents were assessed. The target protein levels were calculated as estimated average requirements plus one or two standard deviations of intake, thus allowing for moderate (16%) or low (2.5%) risk of inadequacy, respectively. Results: The duplicate diets provided 57.9 ± 7.9 and 85.4 ± 31.1 g/day of protein in SK and ON, respectively. Protein intake of SK LTC residents consuming puréed food averaged 54 ± 19 g/day. Only 43% of the SK puréed diets provided more than 59 g/day of protein and none provided more than 78 g/day; in contrast, 87% and 40% of ON puréed diets provided more than 59 and 78 g/day of protein, respectively. Conclusions: In-house prepared puréed diets do not consistently provide sufficient protein levels to ensure a low risk of inadequacy for the LTC residents consuming these diets.
- Purpose: The relationships are explored between food choices of school-aged children and eating in the bedroom, while watching television, or in front of the computer. Methods: Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire that 534 subjects completed in class. Participants were ten- to 12-year-old children from Québec. Results: Significant positive correlations were found between the act of eating in the bedroom and eating in front of the television or the computer (p<0.05). Significant positive correlations were also found between eating in the bedroom, or eating in front of the television or the computer, and the consumption of low-density food, foods high in sugar and fat, and foods low in fibre (p<0.05). Data also revealed more negative food habits for boys than for girls (p<0.05). Conclusions: Because of the prevalence of childhood obesity, these findings support the need to document children's food consumption patterns and gender differences.
- Purpose: The impact of consuming processed versus fresh fruits and vegetables on the galactose intake of galactosemic patients was compared. Methods: The galactose content of processed fruits was determined when the following processing methods were used: freezing, drying, blanching, microwaving, canning, and a combination of blanching and freezing. Then three-day food intakes of five subjects with galactosemia were recorded. The records were used to estimate galactose intake, according to previously reported galactose levels for fresh fruits and vegetables and the potential reduction in galactose intake when only processed fruits and vegetables are consumed. Results: The average galactose reduction was approximately 45% for all the fruits and all processing methods, excluding drying. Intakes varied from 17 to 108 mg/day when fresh values were used and 11 to 103 mg/day when only processed fruits and vegetables were consumed. This reduction was statistically significant for four out of five patients. Conclusions: When the reduction is compared with reported daily fluctuations in galactosemic patients’ endogenous galactose production, the clinical significance of reduced free galactose consumption on long-term outcome is unclear. However, metabolic dietitians now have objective data that the processing methods described will lower the free galactose content of the fruits analyzed.
- Canadian dietitians specializing in pediatric practice were surveyed to provide a preliminary profile of the strategies they use to manage overweight youth. The survey was mailed to 298 dietitians belonging to the Dietitians of Canada's (DC) Pediatric Nutrition and Consulting Dietitians’ Networks and to the head dietitians in Canadian pediatric hospitals across the country. It was also posted on the DC website and sent by electronic mail. Of the 164 respondents, 65 reported that they provide an intervention program to overweight youth. Growth charts, ideal body weight, and body mass index were mostly used to assess and monitor overweight. However, about 20% of the respondents did not define overweight in their client population. The majority of the clients were girls aged seven to 18. Most respondents used the healthful lifestyle approach via one-on-one consultation, included parents and collaborated with two or more health professionals for the management of these children. As the discussion on best practices for the prevention and treatment of overweight youth continues, we need further evidence to determine what strategies, if any, support positive outcomes in this group.
- The rotary diversified diet, used in the management of environmental illness, consists of eliminating prohibited foods from the diet and rotating remaining non-prohibited foods and their “food families” within a regular cycle. We assessed the adequacy of nutrient intakes in 22 women prescribed the diet, described the nature of supplement use, and assessed the relationship between adherence and nutrient intake levels. Except for calcium and folacin intakes, mean nutrient intakes met or exceeded recommended levels. No subjects had calcium intakes above the adequate intake for calcium; 72.7% had folate intakes below the estimated average requirement. Intakes of other nutrients, except thiamin and magnesium, were below the estimated average requirement in less than 25% of the sample; 31.8% and 45.5% of subjects, respectively, had thiamin and magnesium intakes at this level. Those who adhered more closely to the rotary diversified diet had higher intakes of vitamin C, vitamin B6, folate, and fibre than did those who followed the diet less closely. Supplements conferred some nutritional benefits; however, supplemental niacin and magnesium intakes exceeded tolerable upper intake levels. Those prescribed the rotary diversified diet require nutrition counselling from dietitians to cope with the complexity and restrictiveness of the diet.