Examining Diet-Related Care Practices Among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Focus on Glycemic Index Choices

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
25 October 2016

Abstract

We examined self-care dietary practices and usual intakes among adults with Type 2 diabetes in Alberta, Canada, using data from the Healthy Eating and Active Living for Diabetes study. Participants completed a modified Fat/Sugar/Fruit/Vegetable Screener and answered questions about the number of days per week they followed specific diabetes self-care dietary recommendations. Capillary blood samples were collected to assess glycemic control measured by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). ANOVA was used to examine differences in dietary self-care, intakes, and glycemic control across categories of days/week of practicing recommended dietary behaviour. Participants (n = 196) were 51% women, mean ± SD age 59.6 ± 8.5 years, with BMI 33.6 ± 6.5 kg/m2, and diabetes duration of 5.1 ± 6.3 years. Sixteen percent of participants were unfamiliar with low-GI eating and 28% did not include low-GI foods in their diet. Overall, lower mean intake of saturated fat, trans fat, added sugars, higher fibre, and greater GI were each associated with meeting diabetes-related dietary behaviours including: eating ≥5 servings of vegetables and fruit; avoiding processed high fat foods; and replacing high with low-GI foods (P < 0.05). No clear pattern was observed for low-GI eating and HbA1c.

Résumé

Nous avons examiné les habitudes alimentaires que décident d’adopter des adultes atteints de diabète de type 2 de l’Alberta, au Canada, ainsi que leurs apports alimentaires habituels à l’aide des données de l’étude de Saine alimentation et vie active pour les personnes atteintes de diabète. Les participants ont rempli un outil de dépistage modifié sur les gras, les sucres, les fruits et les légumes et ont répondu à des questions sur le nombre de jours par semaine où ils suivaient des recommandations alimentaires précises pour gérer leur diabète. Des échantillons de sang capillaire ont été recueillis pour évaluer la glycémie, mesurée par l’hémoglobine A1c (HbA1c). L’analyse de la variance a été utilisée pour examiner les différences dans l’alimentation adoptée pour soigner son diabète, les apports alimentaires et la glycémie dans l’ensemble des catégories de jours par semaine où le comportement alimentaire recommandé est adopté. Les participants (n = 196) comptaient 51 % de femmes, étaient âgés de 59,6 ±  8,5 ans (moyenne ± écart-type) et présentaient un IMC de 33,6 ± 6,5 kg/m2 et une durée du diabète de 5,1 ± 6,3 ans. Seize pour cent des participants ne connaissaient pas l’alimentation à faible IG et 28 % n’incluaient pas d’aliments à faible IG à leur alimentation. Dans l’ensemble, la consommation moyenne plus faible de gras saturés, de gras trans, de sucres ajoutés et d’aliments riches en fibres et à IG plus élevé était associée à l’adoption de comportements alimentaires liés au diabète, notamment : consommer 5 portions ou plus de fruits et de légumes; éviter les aliments riches en gras transformés et remplacer les aliments à fort IG par des aliments à faible IG (P < 0,05). Aucun modèle clair n’a été observé pour l’alimentation à faible IG et l’hémoglobine A1c.

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Sources of financial support: The Healthy Eating and Active Living for Diabetes (HEALD) study was supported by grants from Alberta Health, the Lawson Foundation, and an Emerging Team Grant to the Alliance for Canadian Health Outcomes Research in Diabetes (ACHORD) (reference #: OTG-88588), sponsored by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Diabetes.
Conflicts of interest: The authors declare that they have no competing interest.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 78Number 1March 2017
Pages: 26 - 31

History

Version of record online: 25 October 2016

Authors

Affiliations

Hayford M. Avedzi
School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
Nonsikelelo Mathe
School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
Stephanie Bearman
School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
Kate Storey
School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
Jeffrey A. Johnson
School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
Steven T. Johnson
Centre for Nursing and Health Studies, Faculty of Health Disciplines, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB

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